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Tissue composition shapes differential skeletal integration strategies during axolotl limb regeneration [Spatial Transcriptomics]

ABSTRACT: Limb regeneration requires rebuilding the missing structures and integrating them with stump tissues. Osteoclast-mediated tissue resorption is essential for skeletal integration during regeneration. However, it is unknown if skeletal tissue composition impacts its resorption and, if so, how it is regulated. Here, we show that osteoclast-mediated skeletal resorption is activated in amputations damaging the diaphysis, but not the epiphysis, of skeletal elements. We found that amputations in the calcified diaphysis trigger the sustained expression of RANKL and the chemokine Loc483, and that the latter is sufficient to induce osteoclast presence in non-resorbing amputations. Finally, our data suggests that the transcriptomic profile of the apical ectodermal cap is impacted by the tissues injured by the amputation. Overall, our work reveals that tissue composition at the amputation plane directs adaptations of the regenerative program. These ultimately contribute to the near-seamless tissue integration of the regenerating axolotl limb regardless of the amputation position.

ORGANISM(S): Ambystoma mexicanum

PROVIDER: GSE334433 | GEO | 2026/09/07

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Tissue composition shapes differential skeletal integration strategies during axolotl limb regeneration [Bulk RNA-seq]

Project description:Limb regeneration requires rebuilding the missing structures and integrating them with stump tissues. Osteoclast-mediated tissue resorption is essential for skeletal integration during regeneration. However, it is unknown if skeletal tissue composition impacts its resorption and, if so, how it is regulated. Here, we show that osteoclast-mediated skeletal resorption is activated in amputations damaging the diaphysis, but not the epiphysis, of skeletal elements. We found that amputations in the calcified diaphysis trigger the sustained expression of RANKL and the chemokine Loc483, and that the latter is sufficient to induce osteoclast presence in non-resorbing amputations. Finally, our data suggests that the transcriptomic profile of the apical ectodermal cap is impacted by the tissues injured by the amputation. Overall, our work reveals that tissue composition at the amputation plane directs adaptations of the regenerative program. These ultimately contribute to the near-seamless tissue integration of the regenerating axolotl limb regardless of the amputation position.

2026-09-07 | GSE334432 | GEO

FGF8 induces bone and joint regeneration at middle phalanx amputation wounds in neonate mice

Project description:Mice and humans have limited regenerative capacity following limb amputation, with regenerative responses restricted to amputations transecting the distal digit tip, (P3). Unlike P3, amputations of the adjacent skeletal segment, the middle phalanx, P2, are non-regenerative. Here, we report that FGF8 drives synovial joint regeneration at P2 amputation wounds in neonate mice. This response is characterized by the regeneration of a synovial cavity, a skeletal nodule lined with articular-like cartilage, tendon and ligament regeneration, and partial P2 stump regeneration. FGF8-induced joint regeneration is associated with the upregulation of several, but not all, genes that characterize joint development, and is morphologically distinct from digit joint development. Lineage tracing studies demonstrate that cells at the amputation wound contribute to the regenerated joint structures. These studies provide evidence that the otherwise non-regenerative P2 amputation wound possesses tremendous regenerative capacity that is not activated under normal circumstances.

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Project description:Many factors are essential for skeletal development and homeostaisis. Here we report that inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase type II (Impdh2) is a key positive regulator for limb development and bone resorption. Deletion of Impdh2 in limb mesenchymal progenitors impaired the differentiation of mesenchymal cells into chondrocyte. Meanwhile, deletion of Impdh2 in osteoclast precursors results in mice an osteopetrotic phenotype via suppressing osteoclast differentiation. Our results reveal a previously unrecognized role of Impdh2 on skeletal development and homeostasis.

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Project description:Purpose: Investigate the transcriptomic landscape throughout the time course of murine digit regeneration after level-dependent amputation. Methods: The terminal phalanx bone of hind limb digits was subjected to either a distal amputation (25% bone length loss) or proximal amputation (65% bone length loss). Total RNA was isolated from bone and fibrous tissues distal to the distal interphalangeal joint at 12, 14, and 21 days post-amputation (DPA). mRNA library was sequenced using Illumina HiSeq 3000. Trimmed reads were aligned to the mouse genome mm10 and batch-corrected. Results: A limb-specific developmental signaling pathway is transiently upregulated at 14 DPA after distal amputation, corresponding with regeneration of digit tip tissues. Absence of a limb-specific pathway after proximal amputation corresponded with minimal regeneration and fibrotic scarring. Conclusions: Digit regeneration is a level-dependent and spatiotemporally controlled process, with distal and proximal amputations showing significant differences in gene expression and tissue regrowth over time.

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2021-10-06 | PXD021849 | JPOST Repository

Comprehensive transcriptome analysis of osteoclasts with the SIK3 deletion and pterosin B treatment.

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