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Silver ions and nanoparticles elicit distinct patterns of stress compartmentalization in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

ABSTRACT: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and dissolved silver ions (Ag(aq)) both exhibit antimicrobial activity, yet the subcellular mechanisms by which bacteria respond to each form remain poorly characterized. Using whole-transcriptome analysis of sublethal silver exposures under controlled water chemistry conditions, we compared the effects of intact AgNPs (i.e., not prone to substantial bulk shedding of Ag(aq)) to Ag(aq) on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results show that AgNP stress is primarily exerted in the bacterial periplasm, while Ag(aq) stress is primarily exerted intracellularly. Thus, AgNPs and Ag(aq) elicit distinct, spatially segregated stress response programs in P. aeruginosa.

ORGANISM(S): Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1

PROVIDER: GSE339228 | GEO | 2026/07/23

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:The mode of action of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is suggested to be exerted through both Ag+ and AgNP dependent mechanisms. Ingestion is one of the major NP exposure routes, and potential effects are often studied using Caco-2 cells, a well-established model for the gut epithelium. MCF-7 cells are epithelial breast cancer cells with extensive well-characterized toxicogenomics profiles. In the present study we aimed to gain a deeper understanding of the cellular molecular responses in Caco-2 and MCF-7 cells after AgNP exposure in order to evaluate whether epithelial cells derived from different tissues demonstrated similar responses. These insights could possibly reduce the size of cell panels for NP hazard identification screening purposes. AgNPs of 20, 30, 60, and 110 nm, and AgNO3 were exposed for 6h and 24h. AgNPs were shown to be taken up and dissolve intracellularly. Compared with MCF-7 cells, Caco-2 cells showed a higher sensitivity to AgNPs, slower gene expression kinetics, and absence of NP size-dependent responses. However, on a molecular level, no significant differences were observed between the two cell types. Transcriptomic analysis showed that Ag(NP) exposure caused (oxidative) stress responses, possibly leading to cell death in both cell lines. There was no indication for effects specifically induced by AgNPs. Responses to AgNPs appeared to be induced by silver ions released from the AgNPs. In conclusion, differences in mRNA responses to AgNPs between Caco-2 and MCF-7 cells were mainly related to timing and magnitude, but not to a different underlying mechanism. In total 73 samples are analyzed (24 different samples all n=3; except for 1 sample with n=4). Twelve of the 24 different samples are extracted from Caco-2 cells, 6 samples at t=6h and 6 at t=24h The other 12 different of the 24 samples are extracted from MCF-7 cells, 6 samples at t=6h and 6 at t=24h For each cell type and each timepoint one of the 6 samples was a negative control sample

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Silver ions and nanoparticles elicit distinct patterns of stress compartmentalization in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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