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Role of 9-Lipoxygenase and α-Dioxygenase oxylipin pathways as modulators of local and systemic defense

ABSTRACT: Plant 9-lipoxygenases (9-LOX) and α-dioxygenases (α-DOX) initiate the synthesis of oxylipins after bacterial infection. Here, the role of these enzymes in plant’s defense was investigated using individual Arabidopsis thaliana lox1 and dox1 mutants and a double lox1 dox1 mutant. Studies with Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (Pst) revealed the enhanced susceptibility of lox1 to the virulent strain Pst DC3000 and the partial impairment of lox1 and dox1 mutants to activate systemic acquired resistance. Notably, both defects were enhanced in the lox1 dox1 plants as compared with individual mutants. We found that pre-treatment with 9-LOX- and α-DOX-generated oxylipins protected plant tissues against bacterial infection. The strongest effect in this respect was exerted by 9-ketooctadecatrienoic acid (9-KOT), which is produced from linolenic acid by 9-LOX. Quantification of 9-KOT revealed its accumulation after bacterial infection. The levels were reduced in lox1 and lox1 dox1 plants but strongly increased in the dox1 mutant due to metabolic interaction of the two pathways. Transcriptional analyses indicated that 9-KOT pre-treatment modifies hormone homeostasis during bacterial infection. The nature of the changes detected suggested that 9-KOT interfers the hormonal changes caused by bacterial effectors. This notion was substantiated by the finding that 9-KOT failed to reduce the growth of PstDC3000hrpA, a mutant compromised in effector secretion, and of the avirulent strain Pst DC3000 avrRpm1. Further support to the action of the 9-LOX- and α-DOX-oxylipin pathways as modulators of hormone homeostasis was the observation that lox1 dox1 seedlings are hypersensitive to the growth-inhibitory effect of ABA and showed enhanced activation of ABA-inducible marker genes.

ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana

PROVIDER: GSE34081 | GEO | 2011/12/02

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA149973

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Plant 9-lipoxygenases (9-LOX) and α-dioxygenases (α-DOX) initiate the synthesis of oxylipins after bacterial infection. Here, the role of these enzymes in plant’s defense was investigated using individual Arabidopsis thaliana lox1 and dox1 mutants and a double lox1 dox1 mutant. Studies with Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (Pst) revealed the enhanced susceptibility of lox1 to the virulent strain Pst DC3000 and the partial impairment of lox1 and dox1 mutants to activate systemic acquired resistance. Notably, both defects were enhanced in the lox1 dox1 plants as compared with individual mutants. We found that pre-treatment with 9-LOX- and -DOX-generated oxylipins protected plant tissues against bacterial infection. The strongest effect in this respect was exerted by 9-ketooctadecatrienoic acid (9-KOT), which is produced from linolenic acid by 9-LOX. Quantification of 9-KOT revealed its accumulation after bacterial infection. The levels were reduced in lox1 and lox1 dox1 plants but strongly increased in the dox1 mutant due to metabolic interaction of the two pathways. Transcriptional analyses indicated that 9-KOT pre-treatment modifies hormone homeostasis during bacterial infection. The nature of the changes detected suggested that 9-KOT interfers the hormonal changes caused by bacterial effectors. This notion was substantiated by the finding that 9-KOT failed to reduce the growth of PstDC3000hrpA, a mutant compromised in effector secretion, and of the avirulent strain Pst DC3000 avrRpm1. Further support to the action of the 9-LOX- and -DOX-oxylipin pathways as modulators of hormone homeostasis was the observation that lox1 dox1 seedlings are hypersensitive to the growth-inhibitory effect of ABA and showed enhanced activation of ABA-inducible marker genes. Two experiments, Col-0 treated with 9-KOT vs. Col-0 treated with water and Col-0 treated with 9-KOT vs. Col-0 treated with water after treatment with Pst DC3000. Biological replicates: 4 control replicates treated , 4 9-KOT treated replicates; 4 control treated and Pst DC3000 replicates and 4 9-KOT treated and Pst DC3000 replicates

Project description:Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst) is a virulent pathogen, which causes disease on tomato and Arabidopsis. The type III secretion system (TTSS) plays a key role in pathogenesis by translocating virulence effectors from the bacteria into the plant host cell, while the phytotoxin coronatine (COR) contributes to virulence and disease symptom development. Recent studies suggest that both the TTSS and and COR are involved in the suppression of host basal defenses. However, little is known about the interplay between the host gene expression associated with basal defenses and the virulence activities of the TTSS and COR during infection. The global effects of the TTSS and COR on host gene expression associated with other host cellular processes during bacterial infection are also not well characterized. In this study, we used the Affymetrix full genome chip to determine the Arabidopsis transcriptome associated with basal defense to Pst DC3000 hrp mutants and the human pathogenic bacterium Escherichia coli O157:H7. We then used Pst DC3000 virulence mutants to characterize Arabidopsis transcriptional responses to the action of hrp-regulated virulence factors (e.g., TTSS and COR) during bacterial infection. Additionally, we used bacterial fliC mutants to assess the role of the PAMP flagellin in induction of basal defense-associated transcriptional responses. In total, our global gene expression analysis identified more than 5000 Arabidopsis genes that are reproducibly regulated more than 2-fold in three independent biological replicates of at least one type of comparison. Regulation of these genes provides a molecular signature for Arabidopsis basal defense to plant and human pathogenic bacteria, and illustrates both common and distinct global virulence effects of the TTSS, COR, and possibly other hrp-regulated virulence factors during Pst DC3000 infection. Experimenter name = William Underwood; Experimenter phone = 517-353-9182; Experimenter fax = 517-353-9168; Experimenter address = Michigan State University; Experimenter address = 222 Plant Biology Building; Experimenter address = 178 Wilson R.d. Experimenter address = East Lansing, MI; Experimenter zip/postal_code = 48824; Experimenter country = USA Experiment Overall Design: 40 samples were used in this experiment

Project description:Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst) is a virulent pathogen, which causes disease on tomato and Arabidopsis. The type III secretion system (TTSS) plays a key role in pathogenesis by translocating virulence effectors from the bacteria into the plant host cell, while the phytotoxin coronatine (COR) contributes to virulence and disease symptom development. Recent studies suggest that both the TTSS and and COR are involved in the suppression of host basal defenses. However, little is known about the interplay between the host gene expression associated with basal defenses and the virulence activities of the TTSS and COR during infection. The global effects of the TTSS and COR on host gene expression associated with other host cellular processes during bacterial infection are also not well characterized. In this study, we used the Affymetrix full genome chip to determine the Arabidopsis transcriptome associated with basal defense to Pst DC3000 hrp mutants and the human pathogenic bacterium Escherichia coli O157:H7. We then used Pst DC3000 virulence mutants to characterize Arabidopsis transcriptional responses to the action of hrp-regulated virulence factors (e.g., TTSS and COR) during bacterial infection. Additionally, we used bacterial fliC mutants to assess the role of the PAMP flagellin in induction of basal defense-associated transcriptional responses. In total, our global gene expression analysis identified more than 5000 Arabidopsis genes that are reproducibly regulated more than 2-fold in three independent biological replicates of at least one type of comparison. Regulation of these genes provides a molecular signature for Arabidopsis basal defense to plant and human pathogenic bacteria, and illustrates both common and distinct global virulence effects of the TTSS, COR, and possibly other hrp-regulated virulence factors during Pst DC3000 infection. Experimenter name = William Underwood Experimenter phone = 517-353-9182 Experimenter fax = 517-353-9168 Experimenter address = Michigan State University Experimenter address = 222 Plant Biology Building Experimenter address = 178 Wilson R.d. Experimenter address = East Lansing, MI Experimenter zip/postal_code = 48824 Experimenter country = USA Keywords: pathogenicity_design

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Role of 9-Lipoxygenase and α-Dioxygenase oxylipin pathways as modulators of local and systemic defense

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