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Ancient Somatosensory Circuit Architectures Employ Flexible Molecular Strategies

ABSTRACT: The extent to which conserved neural circuit architectures depend on shared molecular specification programs remains unclear. We address this question by examining the somatosensory system of the little skate, Leucoraja erinacea, an early-diverging vertebrate that retains ancestral features of both finned and limb-based body plans. These data were generated to investigate the molecular organization and development of somatosensory neurons and spinal circuits in an early-diverging vertebrate.

ORGANISM(S): Leucoraja erinaceus

PROVIDER: GSE341169 | GEO | 2026/07/28

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:The extent to which conserved neural circuit architectures depend on shared molecular specification programs remains unclear. Here, we address this problem in the vertebrate somatosensory system using the little skate (Leucoraja erinacea), an early-diverging vertebrate that retains ancestral features of both finned and limb-based body plans. Combining molecular profiling, spatial transcriptomics, and embryological manipulations, we show that core features of somatosensory circuit organization—including laminar organization of the dorsal spinal cord and modality-specific targeting of sensory afferents—are deeply conserved. In contrast, the molecular programs that define sensory neuron subtypes are extensively reconfigured, including divergent neurotrophin receptor and transcription factor codes. We demonstrate that target-derived cues regulate molecular programs and are required for sensory neuron differentiation and circuit assembly. Together, these findings support a model in which conserved circuit architectures provide a stable scaffold that leverages flexible molecular programs to enable the evolutionary diversification of sensory systems.

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