Expression data from microdissected endosperm transfer cells (ETCs) of barley seeds during different developmental stages
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Hordeum vulgare
PROVIDER: GSE35639 | GEO | 2012/04/17
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA152491
REPOSITORIES: GEO
Similar Datasets
Project description:Endosperm transfer cells (ETCs) of barley grains/seeds are located at the maternal-filial boundary in seeds and fascilitate nutrient transfer from the mother plant into the filial endosperm tissue. Due to the difficult accessibility of ETCs inside the seed, signalling and metabolic pathways involved in differentiation processes of ETCs are poorly understood. To analyse ETC differentiation, we applied laser microdissection pressure catapulting (LMPC) coupled to transcriptome analysis at various developmental stages from cellularization to full functionality and ongoing modifications. ETC-specific transcriptome data identified candidate genes and associated pathways involved in distinct differentiation processes. Barley grains were harvested at 5, 7, 10 and 12 days after flowering/pollination (DAF) and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen. In a cryostat (-20M-BM-0C), middle parts were cut by a razor blade, glued onto sample plates by Tissue-TekM-BM-. O.C.TM-bM-^DM-" and 20 M-BM-5m sections were mounted on PEN membrane slides (PALM, Bernried, Germany). Cryosections were stored for 7 days at -20M-BM-0C until complete dryness. LMPC-based isolation of ETC tissue from cryosections has been done using the PALMM-BM-. MicroBeam laser system. For each biological replicate, 50-70 sections from three independent grains were collected. Three biological replicates were generated from each time point (total number of samples = 12).
2012-04-16 | E-GEOD-35639 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The endosperm is an ephemeral tissue that nourishes the developing embryo, similar to the placenta in mammals. In most angiosperms, endosperm development starts as a syncytium, in which nuclear divisions are not followed by cytokinesis. The timing of endosperm cellularization largely varies between species, and the event triggering this transition remains unknown. Here we show that increased auxin biosynthesis in the endosperm prevents its cellularization, leading to seed arrest. Auxin-overproducing seeds phenocopy paternal-excess triploid seeds derived from hybridizations of diploid maternal plants with tetraploid fathers. Concurrently, auxin-related genes are strongly overexpressed in triploid seeds, correlating with increased auxin activity. Reducing auxin biosynthesis and signaling reestablishes endosperm cellularization in triploid seeds and restores their viability, highlighting a causal role of increased auxin in preventing endosperm cellularization. We propose that auxin determines the time of endosperm cellularization, and thereby uncovered a central role of auxin in establishing hybridization barriers in plants.
2019-12-21 | GSE124108 | GEO
Project description:Endosperm is an absorptive structure that supports embryo development or seedling germination in angiosperms. The endosperm of cereals is a main source of food, feed, and industrial raw materials worldwide. However, the gene regulatory networks that control endosperm cell differentiation remain largely unclear. As a first step toward characterizing these networks, we profiled the mRNAs in five major cell types of the differentiating endosperm and in the embryo and four maternal compartments of the kernel. Comparisons of these mRNA populations revealed the diverged gene expression programs between filial and maternal compartments, and an unexpected close correlation between embryo and the aleurone layer of endosperm. Gene co-expression network analysis identified co-expression modules associated with single or multiple kernel compartments including modules for the endosperm cell types, some of which showed enrichment of previously identified temporally activated and/or imprinted genes. Detailed analyses of a co-expression module highly correlated with the basal endosperm transfer layer (BETL) identified a regulatory module activated by MRP-1, a regulator of BETL differentiation and function. These results provide a high-resolution atlas of gene activity in the compartments of the maize kernel and help to uncover the regulatory modules associated with the differentiation of the major endosperm cell types. RNAs from ten compartments of the maize kernel including the central starchy endosperm (CSE), conducting zone (CZ), aleurone (AL), basal endosperm transfer layer (BETL), embryo-surrounding region (ESR), nucellus (NU), pericarp (PE), placenta-chalazal region (PC), the vascular region of the pedicel (PED), and the embryo (EMB) were isolated at 8 days after pollination (DAP) using laser-capture microdissection and sequenced using an Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform.
2015-02-13 | E-GEOD-62778 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Endosperm is an absorptive structure that supports embryo development or seedling germination in angiosperms. The endosperm of cereals is a main source of food, feed, and industrial raw materials worldwide. However, the gene regulatory networks that control endosperm cell differentiation remain largely unclear. As a first step toward characterizing these networks, we profiled the mRNAs in five major cell types of the differentiating endosperm and in the embryo and four maternal compartments of the kernel. Comparisons of these mRNA populations revealed the diverged gene expression programs between filial and maternal compartments, and an unexpected close correlation between embryo and the aleurone layer of endosperm. Gene co-expression network analysis identified co-expression modules associated with single or multiple kernel compartments including modules for the endosperm cell types, some of which showed enrichment of previously identified temporally activated and/or imprinted genes. Detailed analyses of a co-expression module highly correlated with the basal endosperm transfer layer (BETL) identified a regulatory module activated by MRP-1, a regulator of BETL differentiation and function. These results provide a high-resolution atlas of gene activity in the compartments of the maize kernel and help to uncover the regulatory modules associated with the differentiation of the major endosperm cell types.
2015-02-13 | GSE62778 | GEO
Project description:The endosperm is a nutritive tissue supporting embryo growth in flowering plants. Most commonly, the endosperm initially develops as a coenocyte (multinucleate cell) and then cellularizes. This process of cellularization is frequently disrupted in hybrid seeds generated by crosses between different flowering plant species or plants that differ in ploidy, resulting in embryo arrest and seed lethality. The reason for embryo arrest upon cellularization failure remains unclear. In this study, we show that triploid Arabidopsis thaliana embryos surrounded by uncellularized endosperm mount an osmotic stress response that is connected to increased levels of abscisic acid (ABA) and enhanced ABA responses. Impairing ABA biosynthesis and signalling aggravated triploid seed abortion, while increasing endogenous ABA levels as well as the exogenous application of ABA induced endosperm cellularization and suppressed embryo growth arrest. Taking these results together, we propose that endosperm cellularization is required to establish dehydration tolerance in the developing embryo, ensuring its survival during seed maturation.
2022-11-09 | GSE196667 | GEO
Project description:Cellularization is a key event during the development of the endosperm. Our understanding of the developmental regulation of cellularization has been limited for plants other than Arabidopsis. We found that the activation of OsbZIP76 coincided with the initiation of cellularization of rice. Either knockdown or knockout of OsbZIP76 led to precocious cellularization. Many genes involved in endosperm development or starch biosynthesis were prematurely activated in the caryopsis at two days after fertilization. The results implied that OsbZIP76 is involved in the regulation of cellularization in rice. As a putative transcription factor, OsbZIP76 alone lacked transcriptional activation activity. However, it was able to interact with OsNF-YB9 and OsNF-YB1, two nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) family transcription factors, both in yeast and in planta. OsbZIP76 and OsNF-YB9 showed similar endosperm-preferential expression patterns and the transiently expressed proteins were colocalized in the epidermal cells of tobacco. As with osnf-yb1 mutants, the osbzip76 mutants showed reduced seed size and reduced apparent amylose content of the seeds. We also confirmed that OsbZIP76 is an imprinted gene in rice, the expression of which depended on the genetic background. Our results suggested that OsbZIP76 is an endosperm-expressed imprinted gene to regulate development of the endosperm in rice.
2019-12-28 | GSE139445 | GEO
Project description:Seeds are the basis of agriculture, yet their full transcriptional complexity has remained unknown. Here, we employ single-nucleus RNA-sequencing to characterize developing Arabidopsis thaliana seeds, with a focus on endosperm. Endosperm, the site of gene imprinting in plants, mediates the relationship between the maternal parent and embryo. We identify new cell types in the chalazal endosperm region, which interfaces with maternal tissue for nutrient unloading. We further demonstrate that the extent of parental bias of maternally expressed imprinted genes varies with cell cycle phase, and that imprinting of paternally expressed imprinted genes is strongest in chalazal endosperm. These data indicate imprinting in endosperm is heterogeneous and suggest that parental conflict, which is proposed to drive the evolution of imprinting, is fiercest at the boundary between filial and maternal tissues.
2021-04-06 | GSE157145 | GEO
Project description:The endosperm is a reproductive tissue supporting embryo development. In most 30 flowering plants, the initial divisions of endosperm nuclei are not succeeded by 31 cellularization; this process occurs only after a specific number of mitotic cycles have 32 taken place. The timing of cellularization significantly influences seed viability and size. 33 Previous research implicated auxin as a key factor in initiating nuclear divisions and 34 determining the timing of cellularization. Here, we uncover the involvement of a family 35 of clustered auxin response factors (cARFs) as dosage-sensitive regulators of 36 endosperm cellularization. cARFs, maternally expressed and paternally silenced, are 37 shown to induce cellularization, thereby restricting seed growth. Our findings align with 38 the predictions of the parental conflict theory, suggesting that cARFs represent major 39 molecular targets in this conflict. We further demonstrate a recurring amplification of 40 cARFs in the Brassicaceae, suggesting an evolutionary response to parental conflict 41 by reinforcing maternal control over endosperm cellularization. Our study highlights 42 that antagonistic parental control on endosperm cellularization converges on auxin 43 biosynthesis and signaling.
2024-03-22 | GSE232803 | GEO
Project description:Seed size is important to crop domestication and natural selection and is affected by the balance of maternal and paternal genomes in endosperm. Endosperm, like placenta in mammals, provides reserves to the developing embryo. Interploidy crosses disrupt the genome balance in endosperm and alter seed size. Specifically, paternal-excess crosses (2 × 4) delay endosperm cellularization (EC) and produce larger seeds, whereas maternal-excess crosses (4 × 2) promote precocious EC and produce smaller seeds. The mechanisms for responding to the parental genome dosage imbalance and for gene expression changes in endosperm are unknown. In plants, RNA polymerase IV (PolIV or p4) encoded by NRPD1a is required for biogenesis of a major class of 24-nt small interfering RNAs (also known as p4-siRNAs), which are predominately expressed in developing endosperm. Here we show that p4-siRNA accumulation depends on the maternal genome dosage, and maternal p4-siRNAs target transposable elements (TEs) and TE-associated genes (TAGs) in seeds. The p4-siRNAs correlate negatively with expression levels of AGAMOUS-LIKE (AGL) genes in endosperm of interploidy crosses. Moreover, disruption of maternal NRPD1a expression is associated with p4-siRNA reduction and AGL up-regulation in endosperm of reciprocal crosses. This is unique genetic evidence for maternal siRNAs in response to parental genome imbalance and in control of transposons and gene expression during endosperm development.
2011-11-11 | GSE25280 | GEO
Project description:We used microarrays to detail the global programme of gene expression underlying cellularization and identified distinct classes of regulated genes during this process. Rice endosperm at 2 days after pollination(DAP) was selected for RNA extraction and hybridization on Affymetrix microarrays. We sought to obtain the endosperm expression profile at 2 DAP. To that end, we hand-selected endosperm according to morphological criteria at 2 DAP before cellularization.
2015-09-01 | E-GEOD-57615 | biostudies-arrayexpress