Similar Datasets
Project description:Background: Macrophages are a heterogeneous cell population which in response to the cytokine milieu polarize in either classically activated macrophages (M1) or alternatively activated macrophages (M2). This plasticity makes macrophages essential in regulating inflammation, immune response and tissue remodeling and a novel therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis. The aim of the study was to describe the transcriptomic profiles of differently polarized human macrophages to generate new hypotheses on the biological function of the different macrophage subtypes. Methods and Results: M1 polarization was obtained by IFN-γ and LPS, M2a by IL-4, whereas IL-10 induced a “deactivated” state (M2c). Transcription profile of M1, M2a and M2c macrophages was performed at 6, 12 and 24h after polarization with Whole Human Genome Agilent Microarray technique. Gene Ontology (GO) classification revealed that M1 showed a significant up-regulation whereas M2a a down-regulation of GO terms involved in immunity and inflammation compared to resting macrophage (RM). Unexpectedly, canonical and non-canonical Wnt genes and gene groups, promoting inflammation and tissue remodeling, were up-regulated in M2a compared to RM. Key results were confirmed by real time-PCR. Conclusion: Results from gene expression profile confirmed the specific properties of differentially polarized macrophages. However, the enhanced expression of canonical and non-canonical Wnt pathways in M2a suggests a possible dual role for alternative activation in the modulation of low-grade inflammation. Four-condition experiment, RM, M1, M2a, M2c. Three point of time course, three replicates for each condition. Dual color experiment, reference sample: human leucocytes
2015-03-12 | E-GEOD-57614 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Background: Macrophages are a heterogeneous cell population which in response to the cytokine milieu polarize in either classically activated macrophages (M1) or alternatively activated macrophages (M2). This plasticity makes macrophages essential in regulating inflammation, immune response and tissue remodeling and a novel therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis. The aim of the study was to describe the transcriptomic profiles of differently polarized human macrophages to generate new hypotheses on the biological function of the different macrophage subtypes. Methods and Results: M1 polarization was obtained by IFN-γ and LPS, M2a by IL-4, whereas IL-10 induced a “deactivated” state (M2c). Transcription profile of M1, M2a and M2c macrophages was performed at 6, 12 and 24h after polarization with Whole Human Genome Agilent Microarray technique. Gene Ontology (GO) classification revealed that M1 showed a significant up-regulation whereas M2a a down-regulation of GO terms involved in immunity and inflammation compared to resting macrophage (RM). Unexpectedly, canonical and non-canonical Wnt genes and gene groups, promoting inflammation and tissue remodeling, were up-regulated in M2a compared to RM. Key results were confirmed by real time-PCR. Conclusion: Results from gene expression profile confirmed the specific properties of differentially polarized macrophages. However, the enhanced expression of canonical and non-canonical Wnt pathways in M2a suggests a possible dual role for alternative activation in the modulation of low-grade inflammation.
2015-03-12 | GSE57614 | GEO
Project description:Macrophage-derived exosomes hold significant promise for clinical disease therapy. Macrophages can be categorized into several subtypes. The resting state is known as the M0 subtype, and the exosomes they secrete are termed M0-Exo. Macrophages can be polarized to the M2 subtype by combined induction with IL-4 and IL-13, and the exosomes derived from M2 macrophages are referred to as M2-Exo. miRNAs are important cargo within exosomes. Since both M0-Exo and M2-Exo exhibit therapeutic effects in inflammatory responses, we performed miRNA sequencing on the contents of M0-Exo and M2-Exo to investigate the underlying mechanisms of their therapeutic actions.
2026-01-23 | GSE312882 | GEO
Project description:A comparative analysis of 20 analytes from matched primary macrophages polarized to various states was performed to characterize a novel polarization method and compare it to classically polarized M0, M1, and M2 macrophages. Macrophages polarized by the xenoline JX14P and its matched in vivo radiation-selected variant, JX14P-RT, exhibited cytokine expression profiles distinct from M0, M1, and M2 macrophages. Furthermore, macrophages polarized by JX14P exhibit distinct cytokine profiles compared to those polarized by the matched RT-selected xenoline JX14P-RT.
2025-12-31 | E-MTAB-15227 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:This dataset comprises label-free quantitative proteomics of the secretome from human THP-1 serglycin (SRGN) knock-out and wild-type macrophage-like cells differentiated with PMA (M0) and polarized to M1 (LPS + IFN-γ) or M2 (IL-4 + IL-13). The study investigates how macrophage activation states in the absence of serglycin reshape the composition of secreted proteins relevant to inflammatory signaling, vesicle biology, and metabolism. Conditioned media were collected after polarization, processed by bottom-up proteomics, and analyzed by nanoLC–MS/MS on an Orbitrap Fusion Lumos. The resulting protein abundance profiles provide a resource to compare resting (M0) versus pro-inflammatory (M1) and alternatively activated (M2) macrophage secretomes in a standardized cell system.
2026-02-25 | PXD071481 | Pride
Project description:To investigate how LXR activation potentiates expression of Th2 cytokine-dependent genes in primary human macrophages, we pulsed macrophages with synthetic LXR ligand T0901317 then polarized cells to alternatively activated macrophages with IL-4 or IL-13.
2021-04-14 | GSE158022 | GEO
Project description:In this study, we used mass spectrometry and label-free quantification (LFQ) to characterize the global proteomics of polarized (M1, M2a, M2b, M2c, and M2d) and unpolarized (M0) phenotypes of macrophages from human THP-1 monocytes. The results described the biological functions of the four M2 macrophages subtypes and provided available references for identifying M2 macrophages or subtypes of M2 macrophages.
2022-08-12 | PXD022320 | Pride
Project description:M2 macrophages can be polarized into M2a, M2b, M2c, and M2d by various stimuli, and Interleukin (IL)-27-treated M2 macrophages (27-Mac) resists HIV infection. Since IL-27 is a member of IL-6 family of cytokines, and IL-6 polarizes M2 macrophages into M2d, 27-Mac was considered an M2d-like cells. In the current study, we compared 27-Mac and M2d and characterized 27-Mac. Monocytes derived from health donors were differentiated to M2 using M-CSF, and then the resulting M2 were polarized into subtypes using IL-6, IL-27, or BAY60-658 (an adenosine analog which polarizes M2 into M2d). Although IL-6 and IL-27 share gp130 to induce STAT3 signaling pathway, only 27-Mac resisted HIV infection and enhanced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In contrast, BAY60-6583-polarized M2 macrophages (BAY-M2d) resisted HIV infection without affecting ROS production. The cytokine-producing profile of 27-Mac did not resemble those of the two subtypes. The analysis of the gene expression profiles using single-cell RNA sequencing indicated that 27-Mac clustered differed from other cell types and significantly expressed CD38 and secreted CXCL9 in culture supernatants. These data indicate that 27-Mac is distinct from traditional M2d and provide a new insight into the function of IL-27 and the polarized M2 macrophages.
2025-04-02 | GSE284567 | GEO
Project description:Hyperglycemia is an essential factor leading to micro- and macrovascular diabetic complications. Macrophages are key innate immune regulators of inflammation that undergo 2 major directions of functional polarization: classically (M1) and alternatively (M2) activated macrophages. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of hyperglycemia on transcriptional activation of M0, M1 and M2 human macrophages.
2017-07-12 | GSE86298 | GEO
Project description:Purpose: RNA-sequencing was performed to identify gene expression changes between bone marrow derived macrophages isolated from wildtype and mirn23a-/- (Mirc11-/-) mice that were either M1 or M2 polarized. Results: Diferential gene expression was examined between wildtype and mirn23a-/- M1 polarized macrophages and wildtype and mirn23a-/- M2 polarized macrophages. The number of genes with significant (p<0.05) 2-fold changes in our M1 dataset is 4-fold higher than the 2-fold changed genes in our M2 dataset. 43 unique genes were differentially expressed over 2-fold in M1 mutant macrophages compared to wildtype with 29 upregulated and 14 downregulated. 10 genes (8 downregulated/ 2 upregulated)were differentially expressed in mirn23a-/- M2 macrophages by at least 2-fold compared to wildtype.
2020-11-18 | GSE159762 | GEO