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A role for Prenylated rab acceptor 1 in vertebrate photoreceptor development

ABSTRACT: The rd1 mouse retina is a well-studied model of retinal degeneration where rod photoreceptors undergo cell death beginning at postnatal day P10 until P21. This period coincides with photoreceptor terminal differentiation in a normal retina. We have used the rd1 retina as a model to investigate early molecular defects in developing rod photoreceptors prior to the onset of degeneration. Using a microarray approach, we performed gene profiling comparing rd1 and wild type retinas at four time points starting at P2, prior to any obvious biochemical or morphological differences, and concluding at P8, prior to the initiation of cell death. We have identified genes that are differentially regulated in the rd1 retina at early time points, which may give insights into developmental defects that precede photoreceptor cell death. This is the first report of PRA1 expression in the retina. Our data support the hypothesis that PRA1 plays an important role in vesicular trafficking between the Golgi and cilia in differentiating and mature rod photoreceptors.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE41821 | GEO | 2012/11/02

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA178665

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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A role for Prenylated rab acceptor 1 in vertebrate photoreceptor development

Project description:The rd1 mouse retina is a well-studied model of retinal degeneration where rod photoreceptors undergo cell death beginning at postnatal day P10 until P21. This period coincides with photoreceptor terminal differentiation in a normal retina. We have used the rd1 retina as a model to investigate early molecular defects in developing rod photoreceptors prior to the onset of degeneration. Using a microarray approach, we performed gene profiling comparing rd1 and wild type retinas at four time points starting at P2, prior to any obvious biochemical or morphological differences, and concluding at P8, prior to the initiation of cell death. We have identified genes that are differentially regulated in the rd1 retina at early time points, which may give insights into developmental defects that precede photoreceptor cell death. This is the first report of PRA1 expression in the retina. Our data support the hypothesis that PRA1 plays an important role in vesicular trafficking between the Golgi and cilia in differentiating and mature rod photoreceptors. Retinal samples were harvested from both rd1/le and wt animals at postnatal days 2, 4, 6, and 8 for microarray. Each sample included 8-14 retinas and experiments were performed in quadruplicate. Ten micrograms of total RNA was used for cDNA systhesis in target molecule production.

2012-11-02 | E-GEOD-41821 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Protective gene expression changes elicited by an inherited defect in photoreceptor structure.

Project description:To investigate pathogenic mechanisms in such instances, we have characterized rod photoreceptor and retinal gene expression changes in response to a defined insult to photoreceptor structure, using the retinal degeneration slow (rds) mouse model. Global gene expression profiling was performed on flow-sorted rds and wild-type rod photoreceptors immediately prior and subsequent to times at which OSs are normally elaborated. Dysregulated genes were identified via microarray hybridization, and selected candidates were validated using quantitative PCR analyses. We identified a single key gene, Egr1, that was dysregulated in a sustained fashion in rds rod photoreceptors and in the retina. Egr1 upregulation was associated with microglial activation and migration, into the outer retina at times subsequent to the major peak of photoreceptor cell death. Interestingly, this response was accompanied by neurotrophic factor upregulation. We hypothesize that activation of Egr1 and neurotrophic factors represents a protective immune mechanism, contributing to the characteristically slow retinal degeneration of the rds mouse model. We had two conditions WT and Rds-KO at 4 different time points: postnatal (P) 6, P9, P14 and P21.

2011-12-31 | E-GEOD-33134 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Rod photoreceptors degeneration in the rd1 model of retinitis pigmentosa involves a cascade of events leading to proteasome dysfunction

Project description:Retinitis pigmentosa is an inherited disease with sequential retinal degeneration of rod then cone photoreceptors leading to blindness. As in this human syndrome the rd1 mouse model carries a recessive mutation in the rod-specific cGMP phosphodiesterase beta subunit gene leading to rod followed by cone photoreceptor death. The cascade of early events leading to the induction of rod cell death through apoptosis remains unknown. We report a differential whole-genome expression profiling analysis of the wild-type and rd1 mouse retinal transcriptional program using high-density oligonucleotide microarrays with a time series experiment spanning the entire rod photoreceptor degeneration process. Among the 1252 genes found to be significantly differentially expressed, a key group of 19 loci showed distinct differences in expression early in development, suggesting that these genes of clinical interest may play a fundamental role in the induction of the rod photoreceptor degeneration.

2020-09-25 | GSE62020 | GEO

Protective gene expression changes elicited by an inherited defect in photoreceptor structure.

2011-12-31 | GSE33134 | GEO

Single-cell RNA sequencing of the retina in a model of retinitis pigmentosa reveals early responses to degeneration in rods and cones

Project description:In inherited retinal disorders such as retinitis pigmentosa (RP), rod photoreceptor-specific mutations cause primary rod degeneration that is followed by secondary cone death and loss of high-acuity vision. Mechanistic studies of retinal degeneration are challenging because of retinal heterogeneity. Moreover, the detection of early cone responses to rod death is especially difficult due to the paucity of cones in the retina. To resolve heterogeneity in the degenerating retina and investigate events in both types of photoreceptors during primary rod degeneration, we utilized droplet-based single-cell RNA sequencing in an RP mouse model, rd10.

2022-04-13 | GSE183206 | GEO

Distinct signature of altered homeostasis in aging rod photoreceptors: Implications for retinal diseases

Project description:To better understand the mechanistic basis of aging and its relationship with retinal degeneration, we examined gene expression changes in aging rod photoreceptors. Rod photoreceptor cell death is a feature of normal retinal aging and is accelerated in many retinal degenerative diseases, including AMD, the leading cause of untreatable adult blindness in the United States and other western countries. To our knowledge, the examination of age-related gene expression changes in a specific neuronal cell-type is novel, and it has allowed us to identify significant age-related changes with better resolution than is possible with whole retina samples. We used flow cytometry and a transgenic mouse with GFP-tagged rod photoreceptors to purify this specific cell population, and gene expression changes were evaluated at three time points using microarrays and quantitative RT-PCR. Our results suggest that aging is progressive, beginning even in young adult mice. Although rod photoreceptors are highly specialized neurons, our analyses revealed changes in consensus pathways of aging, including oxidative phosphorylation and stress responses affecting transcription and inflammation. In addition, we identified stress response processes that may be especially relevant for the aging retina and retinal diseases, such as angiogenesis and nuclear receptor signaling pathways that affect retinoid and lipid metabolism. We used flow cytometry and a transgenic mouse with GFP-tagged rod photoreceptors to purify this specific cell population, and gene expression changes were evaluated at three time points using microarrays and quantitative RT-PCR.

2010-06-14 | E-GEOD-22317 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Multi-omics analyses reveal early metabolic imbalance and mitochondrial stress in neonatal photoreceptors leading to cell death in Pde6b rd1/rd1 mouse model of retinal degeneration

Project description:Retinal diseases exhibit extensive genetic heterogeneity and complex etiology with varying onset and severity. Mutations in over 200 genes can lead to photoreceptor dysfunction and/or cell death in retinal neurodegeneration. To deduce molecular pathways that initiate and/or drive cell death, we adopted a temporal multi-omics approach and examined molecular and cellular events in newborn and developing photoreceptors before the onset of degeneration in a widely-used Pde6brd1/rd1 (rd1) mouse, a model of autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa caused by PDE6B mutations. Transcriptome profiling of neonatal and developing rods from the rd1 retina revealed early downregulation of genes associated with anabolic pathways and energy metabolism. Quantitative proteomics of rd1 retina showed early changes in calcium signaling and oxidative phosphorylation, with specific partial bypass of complex I electron transfer, which precede the onset of cell death. Concurrently, we detected alterations in central carbon metabolism, including dysregulation of components associated with glycolysis, pentose phosphate and purine biosynthesis. Ex vivo assays of oxygen consumption and transmission electron microscopy validated early and progressive mitochondrial stress and abnormalities in mitochondrial structure and function of rd1 rods. These data uncover mitochondrial over-activation and related metabolic alterations as determinants of early pathology and implicate aberrant calcium signaling as an initiator of higher mitochondrial stress. Our studies thus provide a mechanistic framework with mitochondrial damage and metabolic disruptions as early drivers of photoreceptor cell death in retinal degeneration.

2022-02-01 | GSE183117 | GEO

Transcription profiling of mouse developing and mature Nrl -/- retina against wild type controls

Project description:The rod photoreceptor-specific neural retina leucine zipper protein Nrl is essential for rod differentiation and plays a critical role in regulating gene expression. In the mouse retina, rods account for 97% of the photoreceptors; however, in the absence of Nrl (Nrl-/-), no rods are present and a concomitant increase in cones is observed. Using mouse GeneChips (Affymetrix), we have generated expression profiles of the wild-type and Nrl-/- retina at three time-points representing distinct stages of photoreceptor differentiation. Experiment Overall Design: Both the Nrl-/- mice and wild type controls were of a matched mixed genetic background (R1 and C57BL/6 strains).

2009-10-30 | E-GEOD-8972 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Proteomic profiling reveals central role of STAT signaling during retinal degeneration in the rd10 mouse model

Project description:The rd10 mouse is a model of retinitis pigmentosa characterized by the dysfunction of a rod-photoreceptor-specific phosphodiesterase. Compared to the rd1 mouse, retinal degeneration in the rd10 mouse begins later in age with a milder phenotype, making it ideal for investigating cell death and neuroprotective mechanisms. Alterations in the rd10 retina proteome at pre-, peak-, and post-degenerative time points were examined using a modified high-recovery filter-aided sample preparation (FASP) method and label-free mass spectrometry, generating a unique proteomic dataset on almost 3000 proteins. Our data confirmed a period of protein expression similar to age-matched wild-type mice pre-degeneration, with decreases in proteins associated with phototransduction and increases in signaling proteins at peak- and post-degenerative stages. 123 proteins were differentially expressed the rd10 retinae during peak-degeneration compared to wild-type mice. Network analysis separated these proteins into a cluster of downregulated photoreceptor proteins, and one of upregulated signaling proteins centered around GFAP, STAT3, and STAT1. This is the first study to identify alterations in STAT1 in the rd10 mouse, which were confirmed with gene expression and immunoblotting experiments. This finding proves the efficacy of our approach, and that this dataset could serve as an information source for protein alterations in retinal degeneration.

2016-03-21 | PXD002584 | Pride

Retina-Specific Laminin 523 Drives Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to Photoreceptors [single cell_RNAseq]

Project description:Inherited retinal diseases and aged related macular degeneration are main causes of blindness that involves irreversible photoreceptor loss. Gene therapy approaches do not prevent photoreceptor degeneration during disease progression, and to date protocols for generating photoreceptors from pluripotent stem cells do not exist. Therefore, transplantation of photoreceptors containing retinal organoids is considered a potential option. However, in vitro formation of organoids requires animal-derived materials and they vary considerably in cell composition between batches, which strongly limits their applications in therapy. Here, we show that human recombinant retina-specific laminin isoform LN523, normally present in the extra cellular matrix ECM surrounding photoreceptors, supports differentiation of pluripotent embryonic stem cells to photoreceptor progenitors in vitro. Using a rabbit macular degeneration model, the transplanted and engrafted cells mature in vivo and form synaptic connectivity with the host retina. Furthermore, addition of a rod-derived cone viability factor increased the formation of cone photoreceptors. These results may pave the way for cell therapy treatment of macular degeneration.

2023-03-26 | GSE161416 | GEO

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