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DNA methyltransferase inhibitor zebularine inhibits human hepatic carcinoma cells proliferation and induces apoptosis.

ABSTRACT: Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common cancers in world wide. During tumorigenesis, tumor suppressor and cancer-related genes are commonly silenced by aberrant DNA methylation in their promoter regions. Zebularine [1-(β-ᴅ-ribofuranosyl)-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-2-one] acts as an inhibitor of DNA methylation and exhibits chemical stability and minimal cytotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we explore the effect and possible mechanism of action of zebularine on hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2. Here, we demonstrated that zebularine exhibited antitumor activity on HepG2 cells by inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. Zebularine treatment down-regulated CDK2 and phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein (RB), and up-regulated p21WAF/CIP1 and p53. We also found that zebularine treatment up-regulated phosphorylation of p44/42 MAPK. These results suggest that p44/42 MAPK pathway play a role in zebularine induced cell cycle arrest by regulating activity of p21WAF/CIP1 and Rb. Furthermore, we found that zebularine induced apoptosis. Although proapoptotic protein Bax levels were not affected, antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 level was down-regulated with zebularine treatment. The data in the present study suggest that the action of the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) is involved in inducing apoptosis with zebularine. These results provide a novel mechanism of zebularine-induced cell growth arrest and apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE42490 | GEO | 2013/12/01

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA182141

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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DNA methyltransferase inhibitor zebularine inhibits human hepatic carcinoma cells proliferation and induces apoptosis.

Project description:Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common cancers in world wide. During tumorigenesis, tumor suppressor and cancer-related genes are commonly silenced by aberrant DNA methylation in their promoter regions. Zebularine [1-(β-ᴅ-ribofuranosyl)-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-2-one] acts as an inhibitor of DNA methylation and exhibits chemical stability and minimal cytotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we explore the effect and possible mechanism of action of zebularine on hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2. Here, we demonstrated that zebularine exhibited antitumor activity on HepG2 cells by inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. Zebularine treatment down-regulated CDK2 and phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein (RB), and up-regulated p21WAF/CIP1 and p53. We also found that zebularine treatment up-regulated phosphorylation of p44/42 MAPK. These results suggest that p44/42 MAPK pathway play a role in zebularine induced cell cycle arrest by regulating activity of p21WAF/CIP1 and Rb. Furthermore, we found that zebularine induced apoptosis. Although proapoptotic protein Bax levels were not affected, antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 level was down-regulated with zebularine treatment. The data in the present study suggest that the action of the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) is involved in inducing apoptosis with zebularine. These results provide a novel mechanism of zebularine-induced cell growth arrest and apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Three each independent batches of zebuluarine-treated and control HepG2 cells were subjected to illumina Human methylation 450K Beadchip analysis.

2013-12-01 | E-GEOD-42490 | biostudies-arrayexpress

DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitor Zebularine Induces Human Cholangiocarcinoma Cell Death through Alteration of DNA Methylation Status

Project description:Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a cancer arising from the neoplastic transformation of cholangiocytes. During tumorigenesis, tumor suppressor and cancer-related genes are commonly silenced by aberrant DNA methylation in their promoter regions. Zebularine (1-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-2-one) acts as an inhibitor of DNA methylation and exhibits chemical stability and minimal cytotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we explore the effect and possible mechanism of action of zebularine on CCA cells. We demonstrate that zebularine exerts an antitumor effect on CCA cells. Zebularine treatment decreased the concentrations of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) proteins, and DNMT1 knockdown led to apoptotic cell death in the CCA cell lines TFK-1 and HuCCT1. DNA methylation analysis demonstrated that zebularine induced DNA demethylation, and the GO Biological Process terms “hemophilic cell adhesion”, “regulation of transcription, DNAdependent” and “Wnt signaling pathway” were found to be significantly enriched in association with demethylated genes. Furthermore, we observed that zebularine treatment decreased β-catenin protein levels in TFK-1 and HuCCT1 cells. These results suggest that zebularine alters DNA methylation status, and that some aspect of DNA demethylation by zebularine induces suppression of the Wnt signaling pathway, which leads to apoptotic cell death in CCA. We previously reported a novel mechanism of zebularine-induced cell growth arrest and apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma via a DNA methylation-independent pathway. Together, our present and previous studies indicate that zebularine could function as both a DNMT inhibitor and a non-DNMT inhibitor reagent, and that, while the optimal usage of zebularine may depend on cancer type, zebularine may be useful for chemotherapy against cancer.

2015-03-24 | GSE60446 | GEO

Transcriptional profiling of liver tissue from mice with wild-type, N750F mutant or exon 19 deleted RB1, after treatment with diethylnitrosamine.

2011-12-01 | GSE31169 | GEO

Transcriptional profiling of liver tissue from mice with wild-type, N750F mutant or exon 19 deleted RB1, after treatment with diethylnitrosamine.

Project description:The LXCXE peptide motif facilitates interaction between the RB tumor suppressor and a large number of cellular proteins that are expected to impinge on diverse biological processes. In vitro and in vivo analyses demonstrated that LXCXE-binding function is dispensable for RB promoter association and control of basal gene expression. Dependence on this function of RB is unmasked after DNA damage, wherein LXCXE-binding is essential for exerting control over E2F3 and suppressing cell cycle progression in the presence of genotoxic stress. Gene expression profiling revealed that the transcriptional program coordinated by this specific aspect of RB is associated with progression of human hepatocellular carcinoma and poor disease outcome. Consistent with these findings, biological challenge revealed a requirement for LXCXE-binding in suppression of genotoxin-initiated hepatocellular carcinoma in vivo. Together, these studies establish an essential role of the LXCXE-binding motif for RB-mediated transcriptional control, response to genotoxic insult, and tumor suppression. Mice transgenic for Cre-recombinase under the albumin promoter contain indicated combinations of loxP sites flanking exon 19 of Rb1 (f), N750F mutation (NF) or wild-type (plus) genotypes. For gene expression microarray analysis, mice were aged to 14 days and treated for 24 hours with diethylnitrosamine (DEN) or saline as an M-bM-^@M-^\untreatedM-bM-^@M-^] control. Liver tissue was obtained from DEN treated livers and compared to normal liver tissue of saline treated littermates.

2011-12-01 | E-GEOD-31169 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Gene Expression Levels in PiZ mice Compared to Wild-type (Wt)C57Bl/6

Project description:Individuals expressing alpha-1-antitrypsin mutant Z protein accumulate misfolded, mutant protein in the liver and are at risk for liver diseases including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Transgenic PiZ mice, a model for this liver disease, display similar pathologies to humans, including inflammation, increases in proliferation, autophagy and apoptosis, accumulation of globules and develop fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma with age. Microarrays were used to compare the gene expressions of PiZ mice to wild-type mice in order to identify the pathways that are altered in this disorder.

2012-11-08 | GSE36478 | GEO

Homo sapiens

Project description:DNA methyltransferase inhibitor zebularine inhibits human hepatic carcinoma cells proliferation and induces apoptosis.

| PRJNA182141 | ENA

Gene Expression Levels in PiZ mice Compared to Wild-type (Wt)C57Bl/6

2012-11-08 | E-GEOD-36478 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Determine the role of TXNDC9 in hepatocellular carcinoma progression

Project description:Thioredoxin Domain Containing 9 (TXNDC9) is a member of the thioredoxin family. The exact function of this protein is not known. This experiment is a transcriptiome profiling of TXNDC9 dependent RNA expression in hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2. By compairing the gene expression profile of WT and TXNDC9 knockout, we identified some genes directly or indirectly regulated by TXNDC9 in hepatocellular carcinoma.

2018-12-26 | GSE113400 | GEO

Effect of zebularine on primary human liver cancer cell lines

Project description:Transcriptomic changes in human liver cancer cell lines caused by the demethylating drug zebularine. Epigenomic changes such as aberrant hypermethylation and subsequent atypical gene silencing are characteristic features of human cancer. Here, we report a comprehensive characterization of epigenomic modulation caused by zebularine, an effective DNA methylation inhibitor, in human liver cancer. Using transcriptomic and epigenomic profiling, we identified a zebularine signature that classified liver cancer cell lines into two major subtypes with different drug-responses. In drug-sensitive cell lines, zebularine caused inhibition of proliferation coupled with increased apoptosis, whereas drug-resistant cell lines were associated with upregulation of oncogenic networks (e.g. E2F1, MYC, and TNF) driving liver cancer growth in vitro and in mice. Assessment of zebularine-based therapy in xenograft mouse models demonstrated potent therapeutic effects against tumors established from zebularine-sensitive but not zebularine-resistant liver cancer cells leading to increased survival and decreased pulmonary metastasis. Integration of zebularine gene expression and demethylation response signatures differentiated patients with HCC according to their survival and disease recurrence and identified a subclass of patients within the poor survivors likely to benefit from therapeutic agents that target the cancer epigenome.

2011-07-31 | GSE23991 | GEO

Oncogenic Potential of SIRT7 in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma and its Regulation by the Tumor Suppressors MiR-125a-5p and MiR-125b

Project description:Sirtuins (SIRT) are NAD-dependent protein deacteylases and function in cellular metabolism, stress resistance, proliferation and disease. For SIRT7, a role in ribosomal gene transcription is proposed, but its function in cancer is currently unknown. In this study, we showed that SIRT7 expression was up-regulated in a large cohort of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, and that high expression of SIRT7 was associated with poor prognosis of HCC patients. Notably, inactivation of SIRT7 by siRNA suppressed tumor cell growth and caused G1/S cell cycle arrest in liver cancer cells. This treatment restored p21WAF1/Cip1 activity, induced Beclin-1 and autophagic gene expression and repressed cyclin D1. To explore mechanisms in SIRT7 regulation, microRNA (miRNA) profiling was carried out. This identified five significantly down-regulated miRNAs in HCC. Bioinformatic analysis of target sites and ectopic expression in HCC cells evidenced miR-125a-5p and miR-125b to suppress SIRT7 and cyclin D1 expression and to induce p21WAF1/Cip1-dependent G1 cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, treatment of HCC cells with 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine or ectopic expression of wild-type but not mutated p53 restored miR-125a-5p and miR-125b expression and inhibited tumor cell growth to suggest their regulation by promoter methylation and p53 activity. To evidence clinical significance of these findings, mutations in the DNA binding domain of p53 and promoter methylation of miR-125b were investigated. Four out of nine patients with induced SIRT7 carried mutations in p53 gene and one patient showed hypermethylation of miR-125b promoter region. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that oncogenic potential of SIRT in hepatocarcinogenesis and that a regulatory loop is proposed whereby SIRT7 inhibits transcriptional activation of p21WAF1/Cip1 via repression of miR-125a-5p and miR-125b. This makes SIRT7 a promising target in cancer therapy.

2012-09-30 | GSE39678 | GEO

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