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Early disruption of maternal-zygotic interaction and activation of defense-like responses in Arabidopsis interspecific incompatibility

ABSTRACT: Seed death resulting from hybridization between Arabidopsis thaliana and Arabidopsis arenosa has complex genetic determination, and involves deregulation 5-8 days after pollination (DAP) of AGAMOUS-LIKE genes (AGLs) and retroelements. To identify causal mechanisms, we compared 3 DAP transcriptomes of compatible and incompatible hybrids and parents at 3 DAP. Hybrids misexpressed endosperm and seed coat regulators, and hyperactivated genes encoding ribosomal, photosynthetic, stress-related and immune response proteins. Regulatory disruption was more severe in Col-0 hybrids than in C24 hybrids, consistent with the degree of incompatibility. Maternal loss-of-function alleles for endosperm growth factor TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA 2 and HAIKU 1, and defense response regulators NON-EXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS RELATED 1 and SALICYLIC ACID INDUCTION-DEFICIENT 2 , increased hybrid seed survival. The activation of presumed POLYCOMB REPRESSIVE COMPLEX (PRC) targets, together with a twenty-fold reduction in expression of FERTILIZATION INDEPENDENT SEED 2, indicated a PRC role. Proximity to transposable elements affected natural vartiation for gene regulation, but transposon activation did not differ from controls. Collectively, this investigation provides candidates for multigenic orchestration of the incompatibility response through disruption of endosperm development, a novel role for communication between endosperm and maternal tissues and for pathways previously connected to immunity, but, surprisingly, does not identify a role for transposons.

ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana x Arabidopsis arenosa Arabidopsis thaliana Arabidopsis arenosa

PROVIDER: GSE42957 | GEO | 2013/06/05

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA183948

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Early disruption of maternal-zygotic interaction and activation of defense-like responses in Arabidopsis interspecific incompatibility

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Maternal siRNAs as regulators of parental genome imbalance and gene expression in endosperm of Arabidopsis seeds.

Project description:Seed size is important to crop domestication and natural selection and is affected by the balance of maternal and paternal genomes in endosperm. Endosperm, like placenta in mammals, provides reserves to the developing embryo. Interploidy crosses disrupt the genome balance in endosperm and alter seed size. Specifically, paternal-excess crosses (2 × 4) delay endosperm cellularization (EC) and produce larger seeds, whereas maternal-excess crosses (4 × 2) promote precocious EC and produce smaller seeds. The mechanisms for responding to the parental genome dosage imbalance and for gene expression changes in endosperm are unknown. In plants, RNA polymerase IV (PolIV or p4) encoded by NRPD1a is required for biogenesis of a major class of 24-nt small interfering RNAs (also known as p4-siRNAs), which are predominately expressed in developing endosperm. Here we show that p4-siRNA accumulation depends on the maternal genome dosage, and maternal p4-siRNAs target transposable elements (TEs) and TE-associated genes (TAGs) in seeds. The p4-siRNAs correlate negatively with expression levels of AGAMOUS-LIKE (AGL) genes in endosperm of interploidy crosses. Moreover, disruption of maternal NRPD1a expression is associated with p4-siRNA reduction and AGL up-regulation in endosperm of reciprocal crosses. This is unique genetic evidence for maternal siRNAs in response to parental genome imbalance and in control of transposons and gene expression during endosperm development.

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