Contact inhibition controls miR-223 stabilization via p27kip1 expression
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE45538 | GEO | 2015/12/31
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA194555
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:The control of cell cycle progression mostly relays on the concerted activity of cyclins, CDKs and CDKs inhibitor. Recent data demonstrated that microRNAs, by regulating the expression of these proteins, contribute to the control of cell cycle progression. Here we provide evidences that the CDK inhibitor p27Kip1 directly regulates microRNAs stability thereby influencing cell cycle exit following contact inhibition. By the use of wild type and p27 knock-out cells we uncovered several microRNAs whose expression is linked to the cell cycle exit in a p27-dependent manner. By studying one of this microRNA, miR-223, we provide evidence that p27 is an RNA binding protein able to bind miR-223 to stabilize its expression. High miR-223 levels participate in the control of cell proliferation. Overall, we identify a previously completely unknown and conserved function of p27Kip1 that contributes to the proper regulation of cell cycle progression impinging on microRNA expression.
2015-12-31 | E-GEOD-45538 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:In addition to its classical role as a CDK inhibitor, p27 also acts as a transcriptional regulator. We found that at early passages, embryonic fibroblasts from p27-/- mouse show reduced expression of genes involved in DNA replication and progress slowly through the cell cycle. These cells have high levels of p21 that associate with cyclin-cdk2 complexes and reduce their activity. Decreasing p21 in these cells elevates cdk2 activity and DNA replication. We observed that silencing p27 in cells induces p21 transcription. Interestingly, the transcription factor Pitx2 is up-regulated in p27-/- cells. We found that p27 associates with a regulatory domain of the Pitx2 gene and represses its expression. In turn, Pitx2 associates with p21 promoter and induces its transcription. Moreover, reducing Pitx2 in p27-/- cells decreases p21 levels. These findings indicate that p27 controls cell cycle progression by regulating Pitx2-mediated expression of p21.
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Project description:Cell differentiation involves profound changes in global gene expression that often have to occur in coordination with cell cycle exit. Because cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 reportedly regulates proliferation of neural progenitor cells in the subependymal neurogenic niche of the adult mouse brain, but can also have effects on gene expression, we decided to molecularly analyze its role in adult neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis. At the cell level, we show that p27 restricts residual cyclin-dependent kinase activity after mitogen withdrawal to antagonize cycling, but is not essential for cell cycle exit. Contrasting gene expression with chromatin accessibility, we find that p27 is coincidentally necessary to globally repress many genes involved in the transit from multipotentiality to differentiation, including those coding for neural progenitor transcription factors SOX2, OLIG2, and ASCL1. Our data reveal both direct association of p27 with regulatory sequences in the three genes and an additional hierarchical relationship where p27 repression of the Sox2 gene leads to reduced levels of SOX2-downstream targets Olig2 and Ascl1. In vivo, p27 is also required for the regulation of the proper level of SOX2 necessary for neuroblasts and oligodendroglial progenitor cells to timely exit cell cycle in a lineage-dependent manner.
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Project description:Cell differentiation involves profound changes in global gene expression that often have to occur in coordination with cell cycle exit. Because cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 reportedly regulates proliferation of neural progenitor cells in the subependymal neurogenic niche of the adult mouse brain, but can also have effects on gene expression, we decided to molecularly analyze its role in adult neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis. At the cell level, we show that p27 restricts residual cyclin-dependent kinase activity after mitogen withdrawal to antagonize cycling, but is not essential for cell cycle exit. Contrasting gene expression with chromatin accessibility, we find that p27 is coincidentally necessary to globally repress many genes involved in the transit from multipotentiality to differentiation, including those coding for neural progenitor transcription factors SOX2, OLIG2, and ASCL1. Our data reveal both direct association of p27 with regulatory sequences in the three genes and an additional hierarchical relationship where p27 repression of the Sox2 gene leads to reduced levels of SOX2-downstream targets Olig2 and Ascl1. In vivo, p27 is also required for the regulation of the proper level of SOX2 necessary for neuroblasts and oligodendroglial progenitor cells to timely exit cell cycle in a lineage-dependent manner.
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Project description:We used a multi-omics approach combining transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics to study the impact of over-expression and inhibition of the microRNA miR-223, a pleiotropic regulator of metabolic-related disease, in the RAW monocyte-macrophage cell line. We analyzed the levels of proteins, mRNAs, and metabolites in order to identify genes involved in miR-223 regulation, to determine candidate disease biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. We observed that both up- and down-regulation of miR-223 induced profound changes in the mRNA, protein and metabolite profiles in RAW cells. Microarray-based transcriptomics evidenced a change in 120 genes that were linked predominantly to histone acetylation, bone remodeling and RNA regulation. In addition, 30 out the 120 genes encoded long noncoding RNAs. The nanoLC-MS/MS revealed that 52 proteins were significantly altered when comparing scramble, pre- and anti-miR-223 treatments. Sixteen out of the mRNAs coding these proteins genes are predicted to have binding sites for miR-223. CARM-1, Ube2g2, Cactin and Ndufaf4 were confirmed to be miR-223 targets by western blotting. Analyses using Gene Ontology annotations evidenced association with cell death, splicing and stability of mRNAs, bone remodeling and cell metabolism. miR-223 alteration changed the expression of CARM-1, Ube2g2, Cactin and Ndufaf4 during osteoclastogenesis and macrophage, indicating that these genes are potential biomarkers of these processes. The most important discriminant metabolites found in the metabolomics study were found to be hydrophilic amino acids, carboxylic acids linked to metabolism and pyrimidine nucleotides, indicating that changes in miR-223 expression alter the metabolic profile of cells, and may affect their apoptotic and proliferative state.
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Project description:Epiretinal membranes (ERMs) are the result of fibro-cellular proliferation that cause distortion and impairment of central vision. We hypothesized that select microRNAs (miRs) regulate retinal fibroproliferation and ERM formation. Following IRB approval, a pilot study was performed in patients presenting for retina surgery with and without clinical ERMs. Total RNA was isolated from ERM tissue and controls from non-ERM vitreous and subjected to miR profiling via microarray analysis. MiR-494 was identified as the only miR selectively expressed at significantly greater levels, and in silico analysis identified p27 as a putative fibroproliferative gene target of miR-494. In vitro testing of miR-494 and p27 in fibroproliferation was assessed in spontaneously immortalized human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) and human Müller cell lines, stimulated to transform into a fibroproliferative state via transforming growth factor beta (TGFb). Fibroproliferative transformation was characterized by de novo cellular expression of alpha smooth muscle actin (aSMA). In both RPE and Müller cells, both TGFb and miR-494 mimic decreased p27 expression. In parallel experiments, transfection with p27 siRNA augmented TGFb-induced aSMA expression, while only in RPE cells did co-transfection with miR-494 inhibitor decrease aSMA levels. These results demonstrate that miR-494 augments fibroproliferation in both Müller cells and RPEs, however only in RPEs does miR-494 mediate fibroproliferation via p27. As p27 is known to regulate cellular proliferation and differentiation, future studies should extend clinical testing of miR-494 and/or p27 as a potential novel non-surgical therapy for ERMs, as well as identify relevant miR-494 targets in Müller cells.
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Project description:Exposure of pregnant F0 mouse dams to the obesogen tributyltin (TBT) predisposes unexposed male descendants to obesity and diverts mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) toward the adipocytic lineage. TBT also promotes adipogenic commitment and differentiation of MSCs, in vitro. We sought to identify TBT-induced factors predisposing MSCs toward the adipocytic fate. We exposed mouse MSCs to TBT, the PPARγ-selective agonist rosiglitazone or the RXR-selective agonist LG-100268 and determined their transcriptomal profiles to determine candidate microRNAs (miR) regulating adipogenic commitment and differentiation. Of the top 10 candidate microRNAs predicted by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, miR-21, miR-33 and miR-223 were expressed to regulate genes differentially expressed in adipogenesis. After exposing to 50 nM TBT for 24 hours, miR-223 levels of MSCs were increased and expression of its target genes ZEB1, NFIB, and FOXP1 decreased. Both ROSI and TBT increased miR-223 levels, and this induction was inhibited by PPARγ antagonists (T0070907) but not RXR antagonists (HX531, UVI3003), placing miR-223 downstream of PPARγ. Chromatin immunoprecipitation confirmed TBT-induced binding of PPARγ to regulatory elements in the miR-223 promoter. miR-223 levels were elevated in ancestral TBT exposed F2 and F3 male adipose tissues and further increased when animals were fed with a high fat diet. TBT induced miR-223 expression and adipogenesis in MSCs through the PPARγ pathway and promoted elevated miR-223 expression in white adipose tissue of F2 and F3 male descendants of F0 treated dams. This shows that transgenerationally increased expression of miR-223 plays an important role in the transmission of the obese phenotype after TBT exposure.
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Project description:Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex metabolic disorder. Long-term hyperglycemia may induce diabetic keratopathy (DK), which is mainly characterized by delayed corneal epithelial regeneration. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to play regulatory roles during tissue regeneration. However, the molecular mechanism by which miRNAs influence epithelial regeneration in DK is largely unknown. In this study, we performed miRNA and mRNA sequencing of regenerative corneal epithelium tissue from streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic (T1DM) and wild-type mice to screen for differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs. Based on regulatory network analysis, miR-223-5p was selected for subsequent experiments and Hpgds was then identified as a direct target gene. MiR-223-5p downregulation significantly promoted diabetic corneal epithelial wound healing and nerve regeneration. However, the beneficial effects of miR-223-5p inhibition were abolished by an Hpgds inhibitor. Furthermore, mechanistic studies demonstrated that miR-223-5p suppression ameliorated inflammation and enhanced cell proliferation signaling in DK. Taken together, our findings revealed that the regulatory role of miR-223-5p in diabetic corneal epithelial and nerve regeneration by mediating inflammatory processes and cell proliferation signaling. And silencing miR-223-5p may contribute to the development of potential therapeutic strategies for DK.
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Project description:Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex metabolic disorder. Long-term hyperglycemia may induce diabetic keratopathy (DK), which is mainly characterized by delayed corneal epithelial regeneration. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to play regulatory roles during tissue regeneration. However, the molecular mechanism by which miRNAs influence epithelial regeneration in DK is largely unknown. In this study, we performed miRNA and mRNA sequencing of regenerative corneal epithelium tissue from streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic (T1DM) and wild-type mice to screen for differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs. Based on regulatory network analysis, miR-223-5p was selected for subsequent experiments and Hpgds was then identified as a direct target gene. MiR-223-5p downregulation significantly promoted diabetic corneal epithelial wound healing and nerve regeneration. However, the beneficial effects of miR-223-5p inhibition were abolished by an Hpgds inhibitor. Furthermore, mechanistic studies demonstrated that miR-223-5p suppression ameliorated inflammation and enhanced cell proliferation signaling in DK. Taken together, our findings revealed that the regulatory role of miR-223-5p in diabetic corneal epithelial and nerve regeneration by mediating inflammatory processes and cell proliferation signaling. And silencing miR-223-5p may contribute to the development of potential therapeutic strategies for DK.
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Project description:Mice lacking the p27Kip1 Cdk inhibitor (Cdkn1b) exhibit increased susceptibility to lymphomas from the Maloney murine leukemia virus (M-MuLV), and exhibit a high frequency of viral integrations at Xpcl1 (Kis2), a locus on the X-chromosome. Xpcl1 encodes miR-106a~363, a cluster of microRNAs that are expressed in response to adjacent retroviral integrations. We report the first large-scale profile of microRNA expression in MuLV-induced lymphomas, in combination with microarray gene expression analysis. The source material was T-cell lymphomas induced by M-MuLV in p27Kip1 knockout mice and normal thymus. Surprisingly, the overall levels of miRNA expression were equivalent in lymphomas and normal thymus. Nonetheless, the expression of specific microRNAs was altered in tumors. The miR-106a~363 miRNA were over-expressed in lymphomas, particularly those with viral integrations at the Xpcl1 locus. In contrast, p27Kip1 deletion itself was associated with a different pattern of microRNA expression. Gene expression was dramatically altered in lymphomas, yet paralleled data from T-cell lymphomas induced by other mechanisms. Genes with altered expression in association with the p27Kip1 null genotype were of similar functional classes to those associated with Xpcl1 integration, but with the opposite pattern of expression. Thus, the effect of p27Kip1 deletion may be to oppose an anti-oncogenic effect of Xpcl1 rather than enhancing its oncogenic functions. A subset of miR-106a~363 target genes was consistently reduced in lymphomas with Xpcl1 integrations, particularly genes with cell cycle and immune functions. We identify four predicted target genes of miR-106a~363 miRNA, including N-Myc (Mycn), and the TGF-beta receptor (Tgfbr2) using 3'UTR reporter assays. Still, bioinformatic miRNA target predictions were poor predictors of altered gene expression in lymphomas with Xpcl1 integration. Confirmation of miR- 106a~363 gene targeting relevant to the tumor phenotype requires in vivo validation, because only a subset of predicted targets are consistently reduced in tumors that overexpress miR- 106a~363.
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