Effect of chlorination on toxicity of wastewater effluents from different treatment systems to HepG2 human hepatoma cells
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE48157 | GEO | 2013/06/21
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA209055
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Effect of chlorination on the toxicity of wastewater effluents treated by activated sludge (AS) and submerged membrane bioreactor (S-MBRB) systems to HepG2 human hepatoblastoma cells was investigated. In addition to cytotoxicity assay, the DNA microarray-based transcriptome analysis was performed to evaluate the change in modes of toxic actions (MOAs) of effluents by chlorination. Effluent organic matters (EfOM) and disinfection by-products (DBPs) were characterized by using Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FT-MS). The cytotoxicity of AS effluent was elevated by chlorination, while the toxicity of S-MBRB effluent was reduced. The averaged O/C ratio of EfOM in S-MBRB effluent was lower than that in AS effluent. The results of the transcriptome and FT-MS analyses suggested that lower O/C molecules influenced on M-bM-^@M-^\response to hormone stimulusM-bM-^@M-^] and M-bM-^@M-^\acute inflammatory responseM-bM-^@M-^] but those were decreased by chlorination, which consequently reduced cytotoxicity. On the other hand, larger number of DBPs and other molecules were increased in AS effluents by chlorination. Those molecules might influence on M-bM-^@M-^\cellular metabolic processM-bM-^@M-^], which consequently elevated cytotoxicity. Therefore, the combination of the toxicity assays and chemical analysis demonstrated the changes in severity of cytotoxicity and MOAs by chlorination, and the difference of chemical characteristics which relate to those toxicity changes. We examined the gene expression alteration in human hepatoma cell line, HepG2 exposed to the chlorinated wastewater effluents from membrane bioreactor and the activated sludge process. Human Genome Focus Array, which represents 8,795 verified human sequences, was used. All effluent samples were concentrated by using solid phase extraction (SPE). SPE fraction from MQ water was used as controll. For duplicate, two dishes were prepared for each sample and individually treated in parallel.
2013-06-21 | E-GEOD-48157 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The transcriptome analysis by the human DNA microarray was applied to evaluate the impacts of whole wastewater effluents from the membrane bioreactors (MBRs) and the activated sludge process (AS), on the biological processes of human hepatoma HepG2 cells. The three conventional bioassays (i.e., cytotoxicity tests and bioluminescence inhibition test) and chemical analysis of the domestic effluent standards were conducted in parallel since they are well-established methods with previous applications to wastewater. A significant variation of effluent quality was sdemonstrated among the tested effluents despite that all effluents met the 40 national effluent standards. The three conventional bioassays supported the result of the transcriptome analysis, indicating the comparable or even higher sensitivity of the new assay. The most superior effluent quality was found in the MBR operated at a relatively long sludge retention time (i.e., 40 days) and small membrane pore size (i.e., 0.03 μm). In addition, functional analysis of the differentially expressed genes revealed that the effluents made various impacts on the cellular functions, suggesting the transcriptome analysis by DNA microarray as more comprehensive, rapid and sensitive tool to detect multiple impacts of the whole effluents. Moreover, the potential genetic markers were proposed to quantitatively evaluate the treatability of the wastewater effluents.
2013-03-29 | GSE45605 | GEO
Project description:The transcriptome analysis by the human DNA microarray was applied to evaluate the impacts of whole wastewater effluents from the membrane bioreactors (MBRs) and the activated sludge process (AS), on the biological processes of human hepatoma HepG2 cells. The three conventional bioassays (i.e., cytotoxicity tests and bioluminescence inhibition test) and chemical analysis of the domestic effluent standards were conducted in parallel since they are well-established methods with previous applications to wastewater. A significant variation of effluent quality was sdemonstrated among the tested effluents despite that all effluents met the 40 national effluent standards. The three conventional bioassays supported the result of the transcriptome analysis, indicating the comparable or even higher sensitivity of the new assay. The most superior effluent quality was found in the MBR operated at a relatively long sludge retention time (i.e., 40 days) and small membrane pore size (i.e., 0.03 M-NM-<m). In addition, functional analysis of the differentially expressed genes revealed that the effluents made various impacts on the cellular functions, suggesting the transcriptome analysis by DNA microarray as more comprehensive, rapid and sensitive tool to detect multiple impacts of the whole effluents. Moreover, the potential genetic markers were proposed to quantitatively evaluate the treatability of the wastewater effluents. In this study, we examined the gene expression alteration in human hepatoma cell line, HepG2 exposed to the raw wastewater, effluents from three types of membrane bioreactors (MBRs), and the activated sludge process. Wastewater DNA microarray with 8795 human genes. MQ water was used as control. For duplicate, two dishes were prepared for each sample and individually treated in parallel.
2013-03-29 | E-GEOD-45605 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in treated municipal effluents have the potential to adversely impact exposed organisms prompting elevated public concern. Using transcriptomic tools, we investigated changes in gene expression and cellular pathways in the liver of male fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) exposed to 5% concentrations of full secondary-treated (HTP) or advanced primary-treated (PL) municipal wastewater effluents containing CECs. Gene expression changes were associated with apical endpoints (plasma vitellogenin and changes in secondary sexual characteristics). Of 32 effluent CECs analyzed, 28 were detected including pharmaceuticals, personal care products, hormones, and industrial compounds. Transcript patterns differed between effluents, however < 10% of these had agreement in the detected response (e.g. transcrips involved in xenobiotic detoxification, oxidative stress and apoptosis) in both effluents. Exposure to PL effluent caused changes in transcript levels of genes involved in metabolic pathways (e.g., lipid transport and steroid metabolism). Exposure to HTP effluent affected transcripts involved in signaling pathways (e.g., focal adhesion assembly and extracellular matrix). Exposure to both effluents produced significantly higher levels of plasma VTG and changes in secondary sexual characteristics (e.g., ovipositor development). Taken together the results suggest, a potential association between some transcriptomic changes and higher biological responses following effluent exposure; and a potential adverse outcome pathway following exposure to complex chemical mixtures containing CECs -. Furthermore, this study identified responses in key genes and pathways not previously implicated in exposure to CECS, , which could be consistent with effluent exposure (e.g., oxidative stress) in addition to other pathway responses specific to the effluent type. This may be useful for assessing the adverse health effects of fish by effluents exposure to CECs.
2011-05-18 | GSE29350 | GEO
Project description:Despite recent knowledge of the potential environmental impact that compounds present in municipal wastewater effluents, including contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), may have, the implications of fish exposure to this contaminant mixtures are not completely understood. The effects caused by effluent CECs may be subtle and diverse, thus the need for sensitive and comprehensive tools such as gene expression to detect such responses. In this study, we conducted laboratory exposures that examined plasma concentrations of vitellogenin (VTG), changes in secondary sexual characteristics and gene expression in sexually mature male fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) exposed to environmentally realistic (0.5%) and higher (5%) concentrations of municipal wastewater effluents. Secondary and primary treated effluents were used. Several of the 32 CECs investigated were detected, including pharmaceuticals, personal care products, hormones, current use pesticides and industrial compounds. The percent of males with detectable levels of VTG was higher in fish exposed to effluent treatments. An increased number of males with changes in secondary sexual characteristics (e.g. development of ovipositors), was observed in fish exposed to 5% effluent treatments. Gene expression data indicated that overall expression patterns were characteristic to each effluent. Higher numbers of differentially expressed genes were observed in fish exposed to primary treated effluent when compared to controls. Differentially expressed genes belonged to several functional categories, including xenobiotic metabolism, estogenicity and energy/metabolism processes. Gene expression data provided information to understand some of the mechanisms behind the effects observed at higher biological levels. To investigate gene expression responses resulting from exposure to POTW effluents, two laboratory experiments were conducted using effluent from San Diego (Point Loma; SD) and Los Angeles (Hyperion; LA). The LA effluent received secondary treatment and the SD effluent received advanced primary treatment. Treatments used during exposures consisted of negative controls (moderately hard water), positive controls (E2), and 0.5% and 5% effluent concentrations. The 0.5% concentration of effluent represented an environmentally realistic exposure level. The 5% effluent concentration represented a higher level at which we expected biological responses. The exposures lasted 14 days. Treatments: EFFHa = 5% primary treated effluent EFFHb = 5% secondary treated effluent EFFLa = 0.5% primary treated effluent E2a = Estradiol, positive control for primary effluent E2b = Estradiol, positive control for secondary effluent CTRLa = Moderately hard water, negative control for primary effluent CTRLb = Moderately hard water, negative control for secondary effluent
2011-05-18 | E-GEOD-29350 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Effluents from sewage treatment plants contain a mixture of micropollutants with the potential of harming aquatic organisms. Thus, addition of advanced treatment techniques to complement existing conventional methods has been proposed. Some of the advanced techniques could, however, potentially produce additional compounds affecting exposed organisms by unknown modes of action. In the present study the aim was to improve our understanding of how exposure to different sewage effluents affects fish. This was achieved by explorative microarray and quantitative PCR analyses of hepatic gene expression, as well as relative organ sizes of rainbow trout exposed to different sewage effluents (conventionally treated, granular activated carbon, ozonation (5 or 15 mg/L), 5 mg/L ozone plus a moving bed biofilm reactor, or UV-light treatment in combination with hydrogen peroxide). Exposure to the conventionally treated effluent caused a significant increase in liver and heart somatic indexes, an effect removed by all other treatments. Genes connected to xenobiotic metabolism, including cytochrome p450 1A, were differentially expressed in the fish exposed to the conventionally treated effluents, though only effluent treatment with granular activated carbon or ozone at 15 mg/L completely removed this response. The mRNA expression of heat shock protein 70 kDa was induced in all three groups exposed to ozone-treated effluents, suggesting some form of added stress in these fish. The induction of estrogen-responsive genes in the fish exposed to the conventionally treated effluent was effectively reduced by all investigated advanced treatment technologies, although the moving bed biofilm reactor was least efficient. Taken together, granular activated carbon showed the highest potential of reducing responses in fish induced by exposure to sewage effluents.
2012-05-10 | GSE37574 | GEO
Project description:Rivers containing effluents from water treatment plants are complex soups of compounds, ranging from pharmaceuticals to natural hormones. Male fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were exposed for 3 weeks to effluent waters from the Metropolitan Wastewater Treatment Plant in St. Paul, MN. Fish were tested for their competitive nest holding behavior. Changes in vitellogenin were measured and these were correlated to changes in gene expression using a 22,000 gene microarray developed specifically for fathead minnows. Significant changes in gene expression were observed in both liver and gonad, which correlate to phenotypic changes of vitellogenin induction and reduced competitive behavior. We also compared by real-time PCR the expression changes in key genes related to steroid biosynthesis and metabolism in fish exposed to the effluent as well as in fish exposed to a model estrogen and a model androgen. While the gene expression signature from effluent-exposed fish shared some elements with estrogen and androgen signatures, overall it was different, underscoring the complexity of compounds present in sewage and their different modes of action.
2010-10-30 | GSE23490 | GEO
Project description:Municipal wastewater effluent can impact its receiving environment. In the St. Lawrence River, male fish living downstream from Montreal exhibit increased hepatic vitellogenin, intersex, delayed spermatogenesis and altered immune function. Few studies have examined genome-wide effects associated with municipal effluent exposure in fish to decipher the mechanisms of toxicity. The present objective was to identify hepatic cellular signaling pathways in fathead minnows following exposure to municipal wastewater effluent. Immature minnows were exposed for 21 days to either 0% (Control) or 20% municipal effluent, the highest concentration in the St. Lawrence River. Hepatic RNA was extracted and used to hybridize a fathead minnow oligonucleotide microarray containing approximately 15K gene sequences.
2014-08-31 | GSE52693 | GEO
Project description:The increase in human population and urbanization are resulting in an increase in the volume of wastewater and urban runoff effluents entering natural ecosystems. These effluents may contain multiple pollutants to which the biological response of aquatic organisms is still poorly understood mainly due to mixture toxicity and interactions with other environmental factors. In this context, RNA sequencing was used to assess the impact of a chronic exposure to wastewater treatment plant and stormwater effluents at the whole-transcriptome level and evaluate the potential physiological outcomes in the Asian clam Corbicula fluminea. We de-novo assembled a transcriptome from C. fluminea digestive gland and identified a set of 3,181 transcripts with altered abundance in response to water quality. The largest differences in transcriptomic profiles were observed between C. fluminea from the reference site and those exposed to wastewater treatment plant effluents. On both anthropogenically impacted sites, most differentially expressed transcripts were involved in signaling pathways in relation to energy metabolism such as mTOR and FoxO, suggesting an energy/nutrient deficit and hypoxic conditions. These conditions were likely responsible for damages to proteins and transcripts in response to wastewater treatment effluents whereas exposure to urban runoff might result in immune and endocrine disruptions. In absence of comprehensive chemical characterization, the RNAseq approach could provide information regarding the mode of action of pollutants and then be useful for the identification of which parameters must be studied at higher integration level in order to diagnose sites where the presence of complex and variable mixtures of chemicals is suspected.
2018-08-28 | GSE104933 | GEO
Project description:Laboratory tests with marine flatfish were conducted to investigate associations among gene expression, higher biological responses and wastewater effluent exposure. Previous studies showed molecular responses such as elevated concentrations of plasma estradiol and vitellogenin in wild male hornyhead turbot (Pleuronichthys verticalis). In the present study, male hornyhead turbot were exposed to environmentally realistic (0.5%) and higher (5%) concentrations of chemically enhanced advanced-primary (PL) and full-secondary treated (HTP) effluents from two southern California wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). Hepatic gene expression was examined using a custom low-density microarray. <br><br>
2013-12-10 | E-MEXP-3851 | biostudies-arrayexpress