Genome-wide analysis of transcription factor PPARγ-responsive gene expression in the nodose ganglion (NG)
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE50404 | GEO | 2014/04/02
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA217413
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Analysis of gene expression regulated by PPARγ in the nodose ganglion of Phox2b::Cre; PPARγ fl/+ and Phox2b::Cre; PPARγ fl/fl mice. Resutls demonstrate potential PPARγ transcriptional targets in neurons RNA was purified from laser-captured nodose neurons. Three independent biological replicates were prepared by pooling RNA of nodose neurons from multiple animals of the same genotypes. Genomics and Microarray Core Facility at UT Southwestern ( http://microarray.swmed.edu/) checked RNA quality and performed the hybridization with a Mouse-6 V2 BeadChip (Illumina Inc.). We used Partek Genomics Suite 6.5 (Partek Inc.) and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (Ingenuity Systems Inc.) for data and pathway analysis respectively.
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Project description:The nodose ganglia contain sensory neurons that play key roles in homeostatic behaviors and are supported by nodose glial cells. We used single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to interrogate the molecular diversity of nodose glial cells shortly after birth.
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Project description:Guided by gut sensory cues, humans and animals prefer nutritive sugars over non-caloric sweeteners. But how the gut differentiates such stimuli to rapidly guide preferences remains unknown. In the intestine, innervated enteroendocrine cells synapse with the vagus nerve to convey luminal sugar stimuli to the brain within seconds. Here, we sequenced individual vagal nodose neuron cells from the left and right nodose to assess their relative contribution to sugar signaling from the gut. The neurons lack expression of sugar receptors and transporters, but do express receptors for neurotransmitters and neuropeptides secreted by intestinal sensory epithelial cells.
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Project description:PPARγ is known for its anti-inflammatory actions in macrophages. However, which macrophage populations express PPARγ in vivo and how it regulates tissue homeostasis in the steady state and during inflammation is not completely understood. We show that lung and spleen macrophages constitutively expressed PPARγ, while other macrophage populations did not. Recruitment of monocytes to sites of inflammation was associated with induction of PPARγ as they differentiated to macrophages. Its absence in these macrophages led to failed resolution of inflammation, characterized by persistent, low-level recruitment of leukocytes. Conversely, PPARγ agonists supported an earlier cessation in leukocyte recruitment during resolution of acute inflammation and likewise suppressed monocyte recruitment to chronically inflamed atherosclerotic vessels. In the steady state, PPARγ deficiency in macrophages had no obvious impact in the spleen but profoundly altered cellular lipid homeostasis in lung macrophages. Reminiscent of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, LysM-Cre x PPARγflox/flox mice displayed mild leukocytic inflammation in the steady-state lung and succumbed faster to mortality upon infection with S. pneumoniae. Surprisingly, this mortality was not due to overly exuberant inflammation, but instead to impaired bacterial clearance. Thus, in addition to its anti-inflammatory role in promoting resolution of inflammation, PPARγ sustains functionality in lung macrophages and thereby has a pivotal role in supporting pulmonary host defense. The two major subsets of monocytes (Ly-6C+ and Ly-6Clo) from 12-week old C57Bl/6 mice were sorted and the RNA extracted and hybridized to Affymetrix GeneChip® 430 2.0 arrays. We pooled leukocytes from 5 mice for each sort and sorted 3 to 4 separate times for 3 to 4 biological replicates.
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Project description:The sense of taste starts with activation of receptor cells in taste buds by chemical stimuli which then communicate this signal via innervating oral sensory neurons to the CNS. The cell bodies of oral sensory neurons reside in the geniculate ganglion (GG) and nodose/petrosal/jugular ganglion. The geniculate ganglion contains two main neuronal populations, BRN3A+ somatosensory neurons that innervate the pinna, and PHOX2B+ sensory neurons that innervate the oral cavity. While much is known about the different taste bud cell subtypes, much less is known about the molecular identities of PHOX2B+ sensory subpopulations. In the GG as many as 12 different subpopulations have been predicted from electrophysiological studies, while transcriptional identities exist for only 3-6. Importantly, the cell fate pathways that diversify PHOX2B+ oral sensory neurons into these subpopulations are unknown. The transcription factor EGR4 was identified as being highly expressed in GG neurons. EGR4 deletion causes GG oral sensory neurons to lose their expression of PHOX2B and other oral sensory genes, and upregulate BRN3A. This is followed by a severe loss of chemosensory innervation of taste buds, a loss of Type II taste cells responsive to bitter, sweet, and umami stimuli, and a concomitant increase in Type I glial-like taste bud cells. These deficits culminate in a loss of nerve responses to sweet and umami taste qualities. Taken together, we identify a critical role of EGR4 in cell fate specification and maintenance of subpopulations of GG neurons, which in turn maintain the appropriate sweet and umami taste receptor cells.
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Project description:PPARγ is known for its anti-inflammatory actions in macrophages. However, which macrophage populations express PPARγ in vivo and how it regulates tissue homeostasis in the steady state and during inflammation is not completely understood. We show that lung and spleen macrophages constitutively expressed PPARγ, while other macrophage populations did not. Recruitment of monocytes to sites of inflammation was associated with induction of PPARγ as they differentiated to macrophages. Its absence in these macrophages led to failed resolution of inflammation, characterized by persistent, low-level recruitment of leukocytes. Conversely, PPARγ agonists supported an earlier cessation in leukocyte recruitment during resolution of acute inflammation and likewise suppressed monocyte recruitment to chronically inflamed atherosclerotic vessels. In the steady state, PPARγ deficiency in macrophages had no obvious impact in the spleen but profoundly altered cellular lipid homeostasis in lung macrophages. Reminiscent of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, LysM-Cre x PPARγflox/flox mice displayed mild leukocytic inflammation in the steady-state lung and succumbed faster to mortality upon infection with S. pneumoniae. Surprisingly, this mortality was not due to overly exuberant inflammation, but instead to impaired bacterial clearance. Thus, in addition to its anti-inflammatory role in promoting resolution of inflammation, PPARγ sustains functionality in lung macrophages and thereby has a pivotal role in supporting pulmonary host defense.
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