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DNA Topoisomerase 1α Promotes RNA-directed DNA Methylation and Histone Lysine 9 Dimethylation at Transposable Elements in Arabidopsis

ABSTRACT: This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.

ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana

PROVIDER: GSE50720 | GEO | 2014/07/08

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA218579

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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DNA topoisomerase 1α promotes transcriptional silencing of transposable elements through DNA methylation and histone lysine 9 dimethylation in Arabidopsis.

Project description:RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) and histone H3 lysine 9 dimethylation (H3K9me2) are related transcriptional silencing mechanisms that target transposable elements (TEs) and repeats to maintain genome stability in plants. RdDM is mediated by small and long noncoding RNAs produced by the plant-specific RNA polymerases Pol IV and Pol V, respectively. Through a chemical genetics screen with a luciferase-based DNA methylation reporter, LUCL, we found that camptothecin, a compound with anti-cancer properties that targets DNA topoisomerase 1α (TOP1α) was able to de-repress LUCL by reducing its DNA methylation and H3K9me2 levels. Further studies with Arabidopsis top1α mutants showed that TOP1α silences endogenous RdDM loci by facilitating the production of Pol V-dependent long non-coding RNAs, AGONAUTE4 recruitment and H3K9me2 deposition at TEs and repeats. This study assigned a new role in epigenetic silencing to an enzyme that affects DNA topology.

| S-EPMC4080997 | biostudies-literature

DNA Topoisomerase 1α Promotes RNA-directed DNA Methylation and Histone Lysine 9 Dimethylation at Transposable Elements in Arabidopsis [Bisulfite-Seq]

Project description:RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) is a transcriptional silencing mechanism mediated by small and long noncoding RNAs produced by the plant-specific RNA polymerases Pol IV and Pol V, respectively. Through a chemical genetics screen with a luciferase-based DNA methylation reporter, LUCL, we found that camptothecin, a compound with anti-cancer properties that targets DNA topoisomerase 1α (TOP1α) was able to de-repress LUCL by reducing its DNA methylation and H3K9 dimethylation (H3K9me2) levels. Further studies with Arabidopsis top1α mutants showed that TOP1α promotes RdDM by facilitating the production of Pol V-dependent long non-coding RNAs, AGONAUTE4 recruitment and H3K9me2 deposition at transposable elements (TEs).

2014-07-07 | GSE50691 | GEO

DNA Topoisomerase 1a Promotes RNA-directed DNA Methylation and Histone Lysine 9 Dimethylation at Transposable Elements in Arabidopsis [RNA-Seq]

Project description:RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) is a transcriptional silencing mechanism mediated by small and long noncoding RNAs produced by the plant-specific RNA polymerases Pol IV and Pol V, respectively. Through a chemical genetics screen with a luciferase-based DNA methylation reporter, LUCL, we found that camptothecin, a compound with anti-cancer properties that targets DNA topoisomerase 1a (TOP1a) was able to de-repress LUCL by reducing its DNA methylation and H3K9 dimethylation (H3K9me2) levels. Further studies with Arabidopsis top1a mutants showed that TOP1a promotes RdDM by facilitating the production of Pol V-dependent long non-coding RNAs, AGONAUTE4 recruitment and H3K9me2 deposition at transposable elements (TEs). 5 small RNA libraries were sequenced

2014-07-08 | E-GEOD-50719 | biostudies-arrayexpress

DNA Topoisomerase 1M-NM-1 Promotes RNA-directed DNA Methylation and Histone Lysine 9 Dimethylation at Transposable Elements in Arabidopsis

Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below. Refer to individual Series

2014-07-08 | E-GEOD-50720 | biostudies-arrayexpress

DNA Topoisomerase 1a Promotes RNA-directed DNA Methylation and Histone Lysine 9 Dimethylation at Transposable Elements in Arabidopsis [RNA-Seq]

Project description:RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) is a transcriptional silencing mechanism mediated by small and long noncoding RNAs produced by the plant-specific RNA polymerases Pol IV and Pol V, respectively. Through a chemical genetics screen with a luciferase-based DNA methylation reporter, LUCL, we found that camptothecin, a compound with anti-cancer properties that targets DNA topoisomerase 1a (TOP1a) was able to de-repress LUCL by reducing its DNA methylation and H3K9 dimethylation (H3K9me2) levels. Further studies with Arabidopsis top1a mutants showed that TOP1a promotes RdDM by facilitating the production of Pol V-dependent long non-coding RNAs, AGONAUTE4 recruitment and H3K9me2 deposition at transposable elements (TEs).

2014-07-08 | GSE50719 | GEO

DNA Topoisomerase 1M-NM-1 Promotes RNA-directed DNA Methylation and Histone Lysine 9 Dimethylation at Transposable Elements in Arabidopsis [Bisulfite-Seq]

Project description:RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) is a transcriptional silencing mechanism mediated by small and long noncoding RNAs produced by the plant-specific RNA polymerases Pol IV and Pol V, respectively. Through a chemical genetics screen with a luciferase-based DNA methylation reporter, LUCL, we found that camptothecin, a compound with anti-cancer properties that targets DNA topoisomerase 1M-NM-1 (TOP1M-NM-1) was able to de-repress LUCL by reducing its DNA methylation and H3K9 dimethylation (H3K9me2) levels. Further studies with Arabidopsis top1M-NM-1 mutants showed that TOP1M-NM-1 promotes RdDM by facilitating the production of Pol V-dependent long non-coding RNAs, AGONAUTE4 recruitment and H3K9me2 deposition at transposable elements (TEs). ten bisufite libraries were sequenced

2014-07-07 | E-GEOD-50691 | biostudies-arrayexpress

DNA Topoisomerase 1α Promotes RNA-directed DNA Methylation and Histone Lysine 9 Dimethylation at Transposable Elements in Arabidopsis

Project description:DNA Topoisomerase 1α Promotes RNA-directed DNA Methylation and Histone Lysine 9 Dimethylation at Transposable Elements in Arabidopsis

| PRJNA218579 | ENA

The role of DNA topoisomerase 1α (AtTOP1α) in regulating arabidopsis meiotic recombination and chromosome segregation.

Project description:Meiosis is a critical process in sexual reproduction, and errors during this cell division can significantly impact fertility. Successful meiosis relies on the coordinated action of numerous genes involved in DNA replication, strand breaks, and subsequent rejoining. DNA topoisomerase enzymes play a vital role by regulating DNA topology, alleviating tension during replication and transcription. To elucidate the specific function of DNA topoisomerase 1α ( AtTOP1α ) in male reproductive development of Arabidopsis thaliana, we investigated meiotic cell division in Arabidopsis flower buds. Combining cytological and biochemical techniques, we aimed to reveal the novel contribution of AtTOP1α to meiosis. Our results demonstrate that the absence of AtTOP1α leads to aberrant chromatin behavior during meiotic division. Specifically, the top1α1 mutant displayed altered heterochromatin distribution and clustered centromere signals at early meiotic stages. Additionally, this mutant exhibited disruptions in the distribution of 45s rDNA signals and a reduced frequency of chiasma formation during metaphase I, a crucial stage for genetic exchange. Furthermore, the atm-2×top1α1 double mutant displayed even more severe meiotic defects, including incomplete synapsis, DNA fragmentation, and the presence of polyads. These observations collectively suggest that AtTOP1α plays a critical role in ensuring accurate meiotic progression, promoting homologous chromosome crossover formation, and potentially functioning in a shared DNA repair pathway with ATAXIA TELANGIECTASIA MUTATED (ATM) in Arabidopsis microspore mother cells.

| S-EPMC11365474 | biostudies-literature

DNA demethylases target promoter transposable elements to positively regulate stress responsive genes in Arabidopsis.

Project description:BACKGROUND: DNA demethylases regulate DNA methylation levels in eukaryotes. Arabidopsis encodes four DNA demethylases, DEMETER (DME), REPRESSOR OF SILENCING 1 (ROS1), DEMETER-LIKE 2 (DML2), and DML3. While DME is involved in maternal specific gene expression during seed development, the biological function of the remaining DNA demethylases remains unclear. RESULTS: We show that ROS1, DML2, and DML3 play a role in fungal disease resistance in Arabidopsis. A triple DNA demethylase mutant, rdd (ros1 dml2 dml3), shows increased susceptibility to the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. We identify 348 genes differentially expressed in rdd relative to wild type, and a significant proportion of these genes are downregulated in rdd and have functions in stress response, suggesting that DNA demethylases maintain or positively regulate the expression of stress response genes required for F. oxysporum resistance. The rdd-downregulated stress response genes are enriched for short transposable element sequences in their promoters. Many of these transposable elements and their surrounding sequences show localized DNA methylation changes in rdd, and a general reduction in CHH methylation, suggesting that RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM), responsible for CHH methylation, may participate in DNA demethylase-mediated regulation of stress response genes. Many of the rdd-downregulated stress response genes are downregulated in the RdDM mutants nrpd1 and nrpe1, and the RdDM mutants nrpe1 and ago4 show enhanced susceptibility to F. oxysporum infection. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that a primary function of DNA demethylases in plants is to regulate the expression of stress response genes by targeting promoter transposable element sequences.

| S-EPMC4189188 | biostudies-literature

Expansion of a core regulon by transposable elements promotes Arabidopsis chemical diversity and pathogen defense.

Project description:Plants synthesize numerous ecologically specialized, lineage-specific metabolites through biosynthetic gene duplication and functional specialization. However, it remains unclear how duplicated genes are wired into existing regulatory networks. We show that the duplicated gene CYP82C2 has been recruited into the WRKY33 regulon and indole-3-carbonylnitrile (ICN) biosynthetic pathway through exaptation of a retroduplicated LINE retrotransposon (EPCOT3) into an enhancer. The stepwise development of a chromatin-accessible WRKY33-binding site on EPCOT3 has potentiated the regulatory neofunctionalization of CYP82C2 and the evolution of inducible defense metabolite 4-hydroxy-ICN in Arabidopsis thaliana. Although transposable elements (TEs) have long been recognized to have the potential to rewire regulatory networks, these results establish a more complete understanding of how duplicated genes and TEs contribute in concert to chemical diversity and pathogen defense.

| S-EPMC6671987 | biostudies-literature

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