DNA methylation (5mC) and DNA 5-hydroxy methylation (5hmC) analysis in WT murine ES cells
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE51473 | GEO | 2014/10/21
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA223274
REPOSITORIES: GEO
Similar Datasets
Project description:DNA methylation in murine WT ES cells was investigated by MBD domain mediated pull down of methylated DNA followed by chip analysis. For examination of 5hmC, hydroxymethylated DNA was enriched by Click-chemistry mediated pull down. Because of the lower amount of 5hmC, two different approached were adopted. The first approach was based on direct labeling of 5hmC DNA, and in the second method DNA was labeled after amplification with vitro transcription (IVT) . Microarray based hybridization (chip) analysis of epigenetic modifications, namely, 5mC and 5hmC for murine WT ES cells.
2014-10-21 | E-GEOD-51473 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:DNA methylation of C5-cytosine (5mC) in the mammalian genome is a key epigenetic event that is critical for various cellular processes. However, how the genome-wide 5mC pattern is dynamically regulated remains a fundamental question in epigenetic biology. The TET family of 5mC hydroxylases, which convert 5mC to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), have provided a new potential mechanism for the dynamic regulation of DNA methylation. The extent to which individual Tet family members contribute to the genome-wide 5mC and 5hmC patterns and associated gene network remains largely unknown. Here we report genome-wide mapping of Tet1 and 5hmC in mESCs and reveal a mechanism of action by which Tet1 controls 5hmC and 5mC levels in mESCs. In combination with microarray and mRNA-seq expression profiling, we identify a comprehensive yet intricate gene network influenced by Tet1. We propose a model whereby Tet1 controls DNA methylation both by binding to CpG-rich regions to prevent unwanted DNA methyltransferase activity, and by converting the existing 5mC to 5hmC through its enzymatic activity. This Tet1-mediated antagonism of CpG methylation imparts differential maintenance of DNA methylation status at Tet1 target loci, thereby providing a new regulatory mechanism for establishing the epigenetic landscape of mESCs, which ultimately contributes to mESC differentiation and the onset of embryonic development. To determine the genome-wide distribution of Tet1 and 5hmC in mouse ES cells, as well as identify the gene transcription changes after Tet1 depletion. GSM706669-GSM706671: We used GST pull-down followed by deep sequencing to map the DNA bound by the Tet1 CXXC domain in vitro. We made two mutants that have a single point mutation (Cys574 to Ala or Cys586 to Ala) in the core CXXC domain to ascertain the essential role of the CXXC domain in DNA binding by comparing the sequencing profile of DNA bound by wild type CXXC with the profiles of the CXXC mutants. GSM706672-GSM706673: Tet1 ChIP-seq was performed to identify the genome-wide distribution of Tet1 in mouse ES cells. GSM706674-GSM706679: We performed hydroxymethylated DNA immunoprecipitation (hMeDIP)-seq combined with a shRNA-mediated gene depletion strategy. To identify the loci specific 5hmC regulation by Tet1, we compared the 5hmC genome-wide distributions in control (Luc shRNA) and Tet1-depleted (Tet1 shRNA2863) mouse ES cells. GSM706680-GSM706682: To identify the gene regulation network by Tet1, we compared the gene expression profiles of control (scramble shRNA) and Tet1-depleted (Tet1 shRNA 2863 and Tet1 shRNA 3387) mouse ES cells determined by mRNA-seq.
2011-04-21 | E-GEOD-28532 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:We investigated genome-wide analysis of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) distribution in mouse intestinal stem and differentiated cells using hydroxyMethylated DNA immunoprecipitation (hMeDIP) followed by sequencing. Genomic DNA from mouse intestinal stem (Lgr5+) and villus differentiated cells were sonicated, immunoprecipitated by a 5hmC antibody, and sequenced in order to identify differential hydroxymethylated regions and genes.
2016-11-23 | E-MTAB-5202 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:5-hydroxymethylcytosines (5hmC) is particularly abundant in mammalian brain with little-known functions. Here we present the first genome-wide and single-base-resolution maps of 5hmC and 5mC in human brain by combined application of TAB-Seq and MethylC-Seq. We report that the majority of modified cytosines are hydroxymethylated in adult human brain, a significant proportion of which are highly-hydroxymethylated with enrichment in active genic regions and distal-regulatory elements. 5hmC is more enriched in poised than active enhancers, and CpG island shores and enhancers show comparable 5hmC profiles. Notably, 5hmC spikes were identified at the 5’ splicing sites, suggesting a link between 5hmC and splicing. Additionally, we identified a transcription-correlated 5hmC bias towards to sense strand and a 5mC bias towards antisense strand of gene bodies, and a bias towards C-rich sequences surrounding the 5hmC sites. Our data imply multiple roles for 5hmC in alternative splicing and gene regulation in addition to be an intermediate of DNA demethylation in human brain. Examination of hydroxymethylomes of 1 adult and 1 fetal brain tissue of frontal lobe, as well as 1 methylome of the same adult.
2014-02-14 | E-GEOD-46710 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Purpose: In this study we investigated the molecular role of cytosine modification in the developing cortex of mice. To this aim we isolated thee linage related cell populations of the developing cortex and mapped both, 5mC as well as 5hmC on a genome-wide scale. Furthermore we established a system to site-specifcally demethylate DNA by using a dCas9-Tet1 fusion protein. Methods: Neuronal stem cells (Btg2-/Tubb3-), neurogenic progenitors (Btg2+/Tubb3-) and neurons (Tubb3+) were isolated from E14.5 Btg2-RFP/Tubb3-GFP double heterozygous mouse embryos (Aprea et al. 2013) and were used for a comparative immunoprecipitation of 5mC and 5hmC (Tan et al. 2013). Results: We were able to identify several genomic regions that change dynamically (hydroxy-)methylation patterns in specific cell type. Specifically for regions losing 5mC and gaining 5hmC we found a consistent enrichment in neurogenesis related GOterms, genomic features, transcription factor binding motifs and different histone marks. Furthermore we found that loss in 5mC and gain in 5hmC correlate with each other and lead to the upregulation of nearby genes. Site-specific demethylation of the identified differentially (hydroxy-)methylated regions in vivo, led to a premature upregulation of the nearby genes which resulted in an altered development of the brain.
2019-02-25 | GSE104585 | GEO
Project description:To elucidate the role of DNA glycosylase NEIL2 in regulation of DNA methylome, we performed genome sequencing of epigenetic marker 5mC and 5hmC in genome-wide using enyme-based library methods of TAPS and CAPS. The 5mC and 5hmC profile in CpG contect was further extracted and analysed.
2023-12-13 | GSE240177 | GEO
Project description:5-hydroxymethylcytosines (5hmC) is particularly abundant in mammalian brain with little-known functions. Here we present the first genome-wide and single-base-resolution maps of 5hmC and 5mC in human brain by combined application of TAB-Seq and MethylC-Seq. We report that the majority of modified cytosines are hydroxymethylated in adult human brain, a significant proportion of which are highly-hydroxymethylated with enrichment in active genic regions and distal-regulatory elements. 5hmC is more enriched in poised than active enhancers, and CpG island shores and enhancers show comparable 5hmC profiles. Notably, 5hmC spikes were identified at the 5’ splicing sites, suggesting a link between 5hmC and splicing. Additionally, we identified a transcription-correlated 5hmC bias towards to sense strand and a 5mC bias towards antisense strand of gene bodies, and a bias towards C-rich sequences surrounding the 5hmC sites. Our data imply multiple roles for 5hmC in alternative splicing and gene regulation in addition to be an intermediate of DNA demethylation in human brain.
2014-02-14 | GSE46710 | GEO
Project description:Epigenetic regulation depends on complex interactions between different epigenetic factors, such as DNA methylation and chromatin accessibility. As the gene activation potential cannot be predicted by looking at chromatin accessibility or DNA modification alone, methods capable of relating multiple factors are highly desirable. Existing methods for combined chromatin accessibility and DNA modification analysis rely on bisulfite sequencing, which has a number of well known drawbacks. We developed a novel cost-efficient method for simultaneous profiling of DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation within open chromatin loci. Our approach is based on chemo-enzymatic covalent tagging of unmodified (uCG) and hydroxymethylated (5hmC) CG sites along with GC sites in native chromatin, which are then mapped by tag-selective sequencing. Validation of the technology on model DNA systems and mammalian cells demonstrated a great applicability of this method for epigenomic studies. We employed the technology for tracking chromatin dynamics combined with changes of two different cytosine states, unmodified and hydroxymethylated, during differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESC) which revealed extensive chromatin dynamics and DNA modification changes across gene bodies of development-associated genes at early transition from ESC. Strong DNA demethylation in the ESC-to-neuron differentiation pathway proceeds independently from cell transcriptional programs and highlights the value of separate 5hmC and 5mC analysis in understanding cell fate decisions.
2023-12-01 | GSE231928 | GEO
Project description:DNA hydroxymethylation (5hmC) represents a new layer of epigenetic regulation in addition to DNA methylation (5mC). The genome-wide patterns of 5hmC distribution in many tissues and cells have recently been revealed by hydroxymethylated DNA immunoprecipitation (hMeDIP) followed by high throughput sequencing or tiling arrays. However, the DNA hydroxymethylome data generated by the conventional hMeDIP-seq method can not be used for direct quantitative comparison across different samples. In this study, we report a new quantitative hMeDIP-seq method, which uses barcode technology to label different DNA samples and performs hMeDIP-seq for multiple samples in one reaction system. Using this new method, we profiled and compared the DNA hydroxymethylomes of mouse ES cells (ESCs) and mouse ESCs-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs). 5hmC levels around TSS in either ESCs or NPCs had negative correlation with gene expression levels，while 5hmC levels at gene body regions had different correlation with gene expression, depending on cell types. We identified differential hydroxymethylated regions (DHMRs) by comparing the 5hmC density of all 5hmC peaks between ESCs and NPCs. Many selected DHMRs (e.g., Ankrd23, Hist1h2aa, Fbxw7, and Epha2) were validated by hMeDIP-qPCR. Furthermore, we analyzed the relationship between the alteration of DNA hydroxymethylation and the gene expression change during neural differentiation, and our data suggest that both up- and down-regulated genes exhibited dramatic decrease in 5hmC during neural differentiation while the alteration of 5hmC had weak positive correlation with the changes in gene expression. Taken together, our data demonstrate that quantitative hMeDIP-seq is a powerful approach for genome-wide comparison of DNA hydroxymethylation across multiple samples. Importantly, the DHMRs between ESCs and NPCs uncovered in this study may provide clues for further investigation of the function of 5hmC in gene regulation and neural differentiation. Comparision of the genome-wide distribution of 5hmC in mouse embryonic stem cells and mouse ES-derived neural progenitor cells.
2013-03-08 | E-GEOD-40810 | biostudies-arrayexpress