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Autophagy is essential for cardiac morphogenesis during vertebrate development

ABSTRACT: This study examined the effects of genetic knockdown of autophagy genes on vertebrate cardiac development We performed microarray studies comparing the hearts of control zebrafish embryos to the hearts of embryos with decreased expression of the autophagy genes atg5, becn1 or atg7. The results provide insight into the role of autophagy in developmental morphogenesis.

ORGANISM(S): Danio rerio

PROVIDER: GSE51541 | GEO | 2014/03/01

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA223395

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Autophagy is essential for cardiac morphogenesis during vertebrate development

Project description:This study examined the effects of genetic knockdown of autophagy genes on vertebrate cardiac development We performed microarray studies comparing the hearts of control zebrafish embryos to the hearts of embryos with decreased expression of the autophagy genes atg5, becn1 or atg7. The results provide insight into the role of autophagy in developmental morphogenesis. Hearts were purified from 3 day-old zebrafish embryos injected with control or autophagy gene-specific morpholino oligonucleotides. RNA was prepared from all samples and hybridized to zebrafish-specific Affymetricx arrays.

2014-03-01 | E-GEOD-51541 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Gene differential expression of autophagy-related gene ablation in 562 vascular tumor cells

Project description:To explore the mechanisms of autophagy in the regulation of vascular tumour cells, we generated three autophagy-related genes, Fip200, Atg5 and Atg7, knockout vascular tumor cells in 562 cell line by CRISPR-Cas9-based sgRNAs. Three independent replicates of mRNA samples were prepared from each KO cells and subjected to RNA-sequencing in comparison to three samples from control 562 cells. We examined changes in gene expression by transcriptional profiling of Fip200 KO, Atg5 KO, and Atg7 KO cells, compared to control 562 cells respectively.

2023-01-12 | GSE193568 | GEO

Gene expression profile of human trabecular meshwork cells with silenced expression of autophagy genes Atg5 and Atg7

Project description:In order to investigate the effects of downregulated autophagy in TM cells, we conducted gene expression analysis in human TM cells deficient in autophagy. For this, three independent strains of primary human TM cells were transfected with a cocktail of siRNAs to specifically silence the expression of the autophagy genes Atg5 and Atg7 (siAtg5/7). A scrambled siRNA (siNC) was used as control.

2019-10-01 | GSE122652 | GEO

Autophagy-Mediated Degradation of Integumentary Tapetum Is Critical for Embryo Pattern Formation

Project description:To investigate molecular links and underlying mechanisms between autophagy in the integumentary tapetum and embryo pattern formation, we isolated embryos from wild-type plants, atg5 mutants, and atg5 mutants expressing proTPE8:ATG5-GFP for RNA-sequencing.

2024-02-20 | GSE248624 | GEO

Autophagy enforces functional integrity of regulatory T cells by coupling environmental cues and metabolic homeostasis

Project description:Regulatory T (Treg) cells respond to immune and inflammatory signals to mediate immunosuppression, but how the functional integrity of Treg cells is maintained under activating environments is unclear. Here we show that autophagy is active in Treg cells and supports their lineage stability and survival fitness. Treg cell–specific deletion of Atg7 or Atg5, both essential genes in autophagy, leads to loss of Treg cells, greater tumor resistance and development of inflammatory disorders. Atg7-deficient Treg cells show increased apoptosis and readily lose expression of the transcription factor Foxp3, especially after activation. Mechanistically, autophagy deficiency upregulates mTORC1 and c-Myc and glycolytic metabolism, which contributes to defective Treg function. Therefore, autophagy couples environmental signals and metabolic homeostasis to protect lineage and survival integrity of Treg cells in activating contexts.

2016-01-25 | GSE75218 | GEO

Gene expression profile of human trabecular meshwork cells with silenced expression of autophagy genes Atg5 and Atg7 subjected to cyclic mechanical stretch

Project description:In order to investigate the effects of downregulated autophagy in TM cells response to mechanical stretch, we conducted gene expression analysis in human TM cells deficient in autophagy and subjected to cyclic mechanical stretch. For this, three independent strains of primary human TM cells were transfected with a cocktail of siRNAs to specifically silence the expression of the autophagy genes Atg5 and Atg7 (siAtg5/7), and subjected to cyclic mechanical stress (15% elongation, 1 cycle/sec, 24h).

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Autophagy and alternative NF-kappaB inhibition by RNAi against RELB, ATG5 or ULK1 in A549 human cancer cells

Project description:In order to understand the contribution of autophagy and alternative NF-kappaB signalling to transcriptional output in A549 lung cancer cells, RNAi was used to knockdown the expression of core autophagy genes (ATG5, ULK1) or the key subunit of alternative NF-kappaB RELB. Seven samples were prepared for each biological replicate; two sequence independent non-targeting control siRNAs were transfected as a negative control. Three sequence independent siRNAs targeting the core autophagy machinery were transfected (ATG5 si, ATG5 si(2), ULK1 si). N.B. ATG5 si(2) only partially ablates Atg5 protein expression whereas ATG si has greater efficacy. Two sequence independent siRNAs targeting RELB were transfected (RELB si, RELB si(2) ). Three independent biological replicates of all conditions were obtained, by performance of the experiment on different days.

2015-09-18 | E-GEOD-73158 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Estrogen Receptor β Activation Inhibits Colitis by Promoting the NLRP6-Mediated Autophagy

Project description:Estrogen receptor β (ERβ) and NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing 6 (NLRP6) are highly expressed in intestinal tissues and reduce intestinal inflammation, but their underlying mechanisms are unclear. We found that ERβ and NLRP6 levels were reduced in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and that deletion of ERβ or NLRP6 was exacerbated colitis in mouse models. We discovered that ERβ exerted its anti-inflammatory activity by inducing NLRP6-mediated autophagy. Specifically, ERβ directly regulated NLRP6 gene expression and NLRP6 inflammasome activation through genomic and non-genomic effects. NLRP6 directly interacted with multiple autophagy-related proteins (including ULK1, BECN1, ATG5-ATG12-ATG16L1 complex, p62, and PHB2). Autophagy stimulation suppresses the inflammatory response by eliminating excess ERβ, NLRP6, ASC, Casp-1, IL-1β, TNF-α and damaged mitochondria. These findings indicate that ERβ-NLRP6-autophagy forms a negative feedback loop to maintain intestinal epithelial cell homeostasis and facilitate tissue repair.

2023-06-05 | GSE151864 | GEO

Transcriptional profiling of autophagy proficient and compromised cell lines, determined by expression levels of Atg5

Project description:Autophagy is activated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and is currently being considered a promising therapeutic target in clinical trials. PDAC is a highly lethal disease with incidence rate equalling mortality rate. Main reasons for PDAC lethality are late-stage diagnosis, high agressiveness and metastatic rate, lack of effective treatments as well as specific diagnostic markers. Here we show that varying levels of the Autophagy related gene 5 (Atg5) determine pancreatic tumor formation and malignancy. While homozygous deletion of Atg5 blocks tumor progression in an in vivo model of PDAC, heterozygous deletion increases tumor aggressiveness and metastasis. Further analyses reveal that monoallelic loss of Atg5 affects mitochondrial homeostasis, changes intracellular calcium oscillations, heightens extracellular cathepsin activities , and promotes a pro-tumorigenic inflammatory microenvironment collectively enhancing tumor cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. Future treatments should take into account that variations in the autophagy pathway may have opposing effects on pancreatic tumor load, especially considering the multitude of autophagy inhibitors currently tested in clinical trials.

2018-10-15 | E-MTAB-6275 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Transcriptional effects of motor neuron autophagy inhibition

Project description:To investigate the role of motor neuron autophagy in ALS, we generated mice in which the critical autophagy gene Atg7 was specifically disrupted in motor neurons (Atg7 cKO). We also bred these mice to the SOD1G93A mouse model of ALS. Then we performed RNA sequencing on lumbar spinal cords from these mice to determine how motor neuron autophagy inhibition altered gene expression.

2017-08-10 | GSE100888 | GEO

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