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Liver functional genomics in beef cows on grazing systems

ABSTRACT: We evaluated liver transcriptome throughout gestation and early lactation of purebred and crossbred beef cows (Angus, Hereford and their F1 crossbreeds, CR), grazing high or low herbage allowances (HA) of native grasslands (4 and 2.5 kg DM/kg BW annual mean; n = 16) using an Agilent 4x44k bovine array. A total of 4,661 transcripts were affected by days (272 ≥ 2.5-fold difference, FDR ≤ 0.10) and 47 pathways were altered during winter gestation (-165 to -15 days relative to calving, d). Gluconeogenesis and fatty acid oxidation pathways were substantially upregulated, while cell growth, DNA replication and transcription pathways were downregulated (FDR ≤ 0.25). We observed only small changes in the liver transcriptome during the early lactation period (+15 to +60 d). A total of 225 genes were differentially expressed (47 ≥ 2-fold difference, FDR ≤ 0.10) between HA. The majority of those were related to glucose and pyruvate metabolism and were upregulated in high HA, reflecting their better metabolic status. Two genes were upregulated in CR cows, but 148 transcripts (74 ≥ 2-fold change difference, FDR ≤ 0.10) were affected by the HA and cow genotype interaction. The transcriptional changes observed indicates a complex and previously unrecognized adaptive program in beef cow liver. We report novel candidate genes, metabolic pathways, and regulatory mechanisms, which can be used as targets of future studies.

ORGANISM(S): Bos taurus

PROVIDER: GSE52085 | GEO | 2014/03/07

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA227132

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:We evaluated liver transcriptome throughout gestation and early lactation of purebred and crossbred beef cows (Angus, Hereford and their F1 crossbreeds, CR), grazing high or low herbage allowances (HA) of native grasslands (4 and 2.5 kg DM/kg BW annual mean; n = 16) using an Agilent 4x44k bovine array. A total of 4,661 transcripts were affected by days (272 M-bM-^IM-% 2.5-fold difference, FDR M-bM-^IM-$ 0.10) and 47 pathways were altered during winter gestation (-165 to -15 days relative to calving, d). Gluconeogenesis and fatty acid oxidation pathways were substantially upregulated, while cell growth, DNA replication and transcription pathways were downregulated (FDR M-bM-^IM-$ 0.25). We observed only small changes in the liver transcriptome during the early lactation period (+15 to +60 d). A total of 225 genes were differentially expressed (47 M-bM-^IM-% 2-fold difference, FDR M-bM-^IM-$ 0.10) between HA. The majority of those were related to glucose and pyruvate metabolism and were upregulated in high HA, reflecting their better metabolic status. Two genes were upregulated in CR cows, but 148 transcripts (74 M-bM-^IM-% 2-fold change difference, FDR M-bM-^IM-$ 0.10) were affected by the HA and cow genotype interaction. The transcriptional changes observed indicates a complex and previously unrecognized adaptive program in beef cow liver. We report novel candidate genes, metabolic pathways, and regulatory mechanisms, which can be used as targets of future studies. Complete randomized block design with two spatial replications and a factorial arrangement of herbage allowance (HA) and cow genotype (CG). Herbage allowance treatments represented 4 and 2.5 kg DM/kg BW of annual mean (HI and LO, respectively). Four purebred (PU M-bM-^@M-^S Hereford, H and Angus, A) and four crossbred (CR - F1, HA and AH) multiparous pregnant cows (5 to 6 year-old), were evaluated per treatment (HI-CR, HI-PU, LO-CR, and LO-PU) throughout the gestation and lactation period (-165 to +60 days relative to parturition, days). Cows belonged to or were descendants of experimental animals generated as part of a diallel crossbreeding experiment carried out for 10 years at the Experimental Station and were assigned to the same forage allowance (HI or LO) since May 2007 and gestated and lactated one calf every year from 2007 to 2009.

Project description:Our objectives were to compare gene expression profiles in neutrophils (PMN) during a Streptococcus uberis mastitis challenge between lactating cows subjected to feed restriction to induce negative energy balance (NEB; n = 5) and cows fed ad libitum to maintain positive energy balance (PEB; n = 5). The NEB cows were feed-restricted to 60% of calculated net energy for lactation requirements for 7 d, whereas PEB cows were fed the same diet for ad libitum intake. After 5 d of feed restriction, one rear mammary quarter of each cow was inoculated with 5,000 cfu of Streptococcus uberis (strain O140J). Blood PMN were isolated at 24 h post-inoculation from all cows for RNA extraction and microarray analysis. NEB resulted in 94 differentially expressed genes compared with PEB. Of these, 51 genes were down-regulated, including genes involved with antigen presentation (HLADRA and HLAA), respiratory burst (SOD1), and the pro-inflammatory response (TNFA and IRAK-1). The most affected genes up-regulated by NEB (n = 43) included IL1R2 and IL6, toll-like receptors (TLR2 and TLR4), and THY1. Network analysis by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis Â® revealed that TNFA was associated with the expression of numerous differentially expressed genes involved with immune response in NEB cows compared with PEB cows. Energy balance alters PMN expression of several genes involved with immune response, which provides new information on transcriptomic mechanisms associated with post-partal NEB and immune response during early lactation. Briefly, 10 multiparous Holstein cows in PEB and past peak lactation were used for this study. The NEB cows were feed-restricted to 60% of calculated NEL requirements for 7 d, whereas PEB cows were fed the same diet for ad libitum intake. After 5 d of feed restriction, one rear mammary quarter of each cow was inoculated with 5,000 cfu of Streptococcus uberis (strain O140J). Blood PMN were isolated at 24 h post-inoculation from all cows. A 13,257-oligonucleotide (70-mers) array was used for transcript profiling. Cy3- and Cy5 labelled cDNA from PMN and a reference standard were used for hybridizations. All samples were hybridized to duplicate slides with reverse labeling (20 microarrays total).

Project description:While dietary phosphorus (P) deprivation extending from the dry period into early lactation impairs health and productivity of cows, restricting dietary P supply during the dry period not only appears to be innocuous but rather effectively mitigates hypocalcemia during the first wk of lactation. To investigate possible negative metabolic effects of P deprivation during the dry period, the present study tested the hypothesis that restarted dietary P supply during the dry period alters the liver transcriptome of dairy cows during the periparturient period. Thirty late-pregnant multiparous Holstein-Friesian dairy cows entering their 2nd, 3rd or 4th lactation were assigned to either a dry cow ration with low (LP, 0.16% P in DM) or adequate P content (AP, 0.35% in DM) during the last 4 wk of the dry period (n = 15/group). Liver transcriptomics, which was carried out in a subset of five 2nd parity cows of each group (n = 5), and determination of selected hormones and metabolites in blood of all cows, was performed approximately one wk before calving and on d 3 postpartum. Liver tissue specimens and blood samples were obtained by a micro-invasive biopsy technique from the right 10th intercostal space and puncture of a jugular vein, respectively. 175 hepatic transcripts were expressed differentially between LP vs. AP cows in late pregnancy, and 165 transcripts differed between LP vs. AP cows in early lactation (Fold change > 1.3 and < -1.3, P < 0.05). In late pregnancy, the enriched biological processes of the up-regulated and the down-regulated transcripts were mainly related to immune processes and signal transduction (P < 0.05), respectively. In early lactation, the enriched biological processes of the up-regulated and the down-regulated transcripts were involved in mineral transport and biotransformation (P < 0.05), respectively. The plasma concentrations of the hormones and acute phase proteins (progesterone, insulin-like growth factor 1, serum amyloid alpha, haptoglobin, and 17β-estradiol) determined were not affected by P supply. These results suggest that P deprivation during the dry period moderately affects the liver transcriptome of cows in late pregnancy and early lactation, and causes no effects on important plasma hormones and acute phase proteins indicating no obvious impairment of health or metabolism of the cows.

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Liver functional genomics in beef cows on grazing systems

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