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Distinct activation of positive and negative regulatory immune genes during an evolving T cell response to diphencyprone (DPCP) in human skin

ABSTRACT: We sought to characterize delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses elicited by topical hapten DPCP in normal human skin

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE52360 | GEO | 2014/03/29

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA228941

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:BACKGROUND: While many authorities theorize that cancer vaccines are too weak to be widely effective, there are quite a few reports with clearly demonstrated, significant clinical benefit in some patients. The literature of cellular cancer immunotherapies shows that 53% (78/147) of phase II studies showed evidence of clinical activity. While not all reached their primary endpoints, 75% (12/16) of phase III studies had positive data. SV-BR-1-GM, derived from a patient with grade 2 (moderately differentiated) breast cancer, is a GM-CSF-secreting breast cancer cell line with properties of antigen-presenting cells we established. METHODS: We report detailed molecular and clinical findings from an open-label phase I, single-arm pilot study in breast (3 subjects) and ovarian (1 subject) cancer with irradiated SV-BR-1-GM cells (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT00095862). Inoculations of SV-BR-1-GM were preceded by low-dose cyclophosphamide and followed by injections of interferon-alpha2b into the SV-BR-1-GM inoculation sites. We assessed both cellular (delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions) and humoral (anti-SV-BR-1 antibody) immune responses and conducted molecular analyses on patient blood cells and SV-BR-1-GM cells. RESULTS: Treatment was generally safe and well tolerated. Immune responses were elicited universally. Overall survival was more than 33 months for three of the four patients. As previously reported, one patient (Subject A002, with grade 2 breast cancer) had regression of metastases in lung, breast and soft tissue within 2 months of treatment initiation. At later relapse, with multiple metastases including several in the brain, rapid tumor response was again seen, including complete regression of CNS metastases. Consistent with a role of Class II HLA in contributing to SV-BR-1-GM’s mechanism of action, Subject A002 allele-matched SV-BR-1-GM at the HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DRB3 loci. Only the HLA-DRB1 alleles were clearly expressed in SV-BR-1-GM cells. However, interferon-gamma (possibly also present in situ) upregulated both HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DRB3 to substantial levels. Gene expression data supports the hypothesis that SV-BR-1-GM cells have retained some of the original breast cancer’s grade 2 character. CONCLUSIONS: We describe a whole-cell immunotherapy regimen with remarkable rapidity of response and a speedy rescue response, including complete resolution of CNS metastases after relapse. Class II HLA matches might be critical for SV-BR-1-GM’s therapeutic potential.

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Distinct activation of positive and negative regulatory immune genes during an evolving T cell response to diphencyprone (DPCP) in human skin

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