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Adenine-induced chronic renal failure causes decreased aortic relaxation rate and altered expression of genes involved in excitation-contraction coupling in vascular smooth muscle cells

ABSTRACT: Rats with adenine-induced chronic renal failure (A-CRF) develop a reduction in the rate of relaxation of the thoracic aorta. The primary aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this abnormality. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received either chow containing adenine or were pair-fed with normal chow (controls). After 8-14 weeks arterial functions were analyzed ex vivo using wire myography and the thoracic aorta was analyzed by DNA microarray. Plasma creatinine levels were elevated ~8-fold in A-CRF rats. The rate of vascular relaxation following wash-out of KCl was reduced in A-CRF rats vs. controls in the thoracic aorta (P<0.01), abdominal aorta (P<0.05), and common carotid artery (P<0.05), but not in the common femoral artery. Endothelial denudation exaggerated the impairment in relaxation of thoracic aortas. Relaxation rates of thoracic aortas increased (P<0.01), but were not normalized, in response to wash-out of KCl with Ca2+-free buffer. Microarray and qRT-PCR analyses revealed altered gene expression levels for a number of genes involved in vascular smooth muscle cell excitation-contraction coupling in aortas of A-CRF rats. In conclusion, rats with A-CRF show a marked reduction in the rate of relaxation of larger conduit arteries localized proximal to the common femoral artery. This abnormality may be caused by reduced cytosolic Ca2+ clearance in vascular smooth muscle cells secondary to dysregulation of genes involved in excitation-contraction coupling.

ORGANISM(S): Rattus norvegicus

PROVIDER: GSE52897 | GEO | 2016/07/21

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA230412

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:We adopted a transcriptome-wide microarray analysis approach to determine the extent to which vascular gene expression is altered as a result of juvenile obesity and identify obesity-responsive mRNAs. We examined transcriptional profiles in the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), perivascular fat adjacent to the LAD, and descending thoracic aorta between obese (n=5) and lean (n=6) juvenile Ossabaw pigs (age=22 weeks). Obesity was experimentally induced by feeding the animals a high-fat/high fructose corn syrup/high-cholesterol diet for 16 weeks. We found that expression of 189 vascular cell genes in the LAD and expression of 165 genes in the thoracic aorta were altered with juvenile obesity (FDRM-bM-^IM-$10%) with an overlap of only 28 genes between both arteries. Notably, a number of genes found to be markedly up-regulated in the LAD of obese pigs are implicated in atherosclerosis, including ACP5, LYZ, CXCL14, APOE, PLA2G7, LGALS3, SPP1, ITGB2, CYBB, and P2RY12. Furthermore, pathway analysis revealed the induction of pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant pathways with obesity primarily in the LAD. Gene expression in the LAD perivascular fat was minimally altered with juvenile obesity. Together, we provide new evidence that obesity produces artery-specific changes in pre-translational regulation with a clear up-regulation of pro-atherogenic genes in the LAD. Our data may offer potential viable drug targets and mechanistic insights regarding the molecular precursors involved in the origins of over-nutrition and obesity-associated vascular disease. In particular, our results suggest that the oxLDL-LOX-1-NFM-NM-:B signaling axis may be involved in the early initiation of a juvenile obesity-induced pro-atherogenic coronary artery phenotype. We examined transcriptional profiles in the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), perivascular fat adjacent to the LAD, and descending thoracic aorta between obese (n=5) and lean (n=6) juvenile Ossabaw pigs (age= 22 weeks). All three tissue types were taken from each animal, and each was applied to one and only one array array except a single Thoracic aorta (Animal ID 63 because there were not enough arrays), so there were 32 total arrays (11 unique pigs).

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Adenine-induced chronic renal failure causes decreased aortic relaxation rate and altered expression of genes involved in excitation-contraction coupling in vascular smooth muscle cells

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