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Small RNA profiling of KSHV-miRNA-expressing and KSHV-infected B cell lines

ABSTRACT: Micro (mi)RNAs are small non-coding RNAs with key regulatory functions. Recent advances in the field allowed researchers to identify their targets. However, much less is known regarding the regulation of miRNA themselves. The accumulation of these tiny regulators can be modulated at various levels during their biogenesis from the transcription of the primary transcript (pri-miRNA) to the stability of the mature miRNA. Here, we studied the importance of the pri-miRNA secondary structure for the regulation of mature miRNAs accumulation. To this end, we used the Kaposi’s sarcoma herpesvirus, which encodes a cluster of twelve pre-miRNAs. Using small RNA profiling and quantitative northern blot analysis, we measured the absolute amount of each mature miRNAs in different cellular context. We found that the difference in expression between the least and most expressed viral miRNA could be as high as 60-fold. Using high-throughput selective 2’-hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension (hSHAPE), we then determined the secondary structure of the long primary transcript. We found that highly expressed miRNAs derived from optimally structured regions within the pri-miRNA. Finally, we confirmed the importance of the local structure by swapping stem-loops for highly and lowly expressed miRNAs, which resulted in a perturbed accumulation of the mature miRNA.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE53296 | GEO | 2014/06/02

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA231621

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Small RNA profiling of KSHV-miRNA-expressing and KSHV-infected B cell lines

Project description:Micro (mi)RNAs are small non-coding RNAs with key regulatory functions. Recent advances in the field allowed researchers to identify their targets. However, much less is known regarding the regulation of miRNA themselves. The accumulation of these tiny regulators can be modulated at various levels during their biogenesis from the transcription of the primary transcript (pri-miRNA) to the stability of the mature miRNA. Here, we studied the importance of the pri-miRNA secondary structure for the regulation of mature miRNAs accumulation. To this end, we used the KaposiM-bM-^@M-^Ys sarcoma herpesvirus, which encodes a cluster of twelve pre-miRNAs. Using small RNA profiling and quantitative northern blot analysis, we measured the absolute amount of each mature miRNAs in different cellular context. We found that the difference in expression between the least and most expressed viral miRNA could be as high as 60-fold. Using high-throughput selective 2M-bM-^@M-^Y-hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension (hSHAPE), we then determined the secondary structure of the long primary transcript. We found that highly expressed miRNAs derived from optimally structured regions within the pri-miRNA. Finally, we confirmed the importance of the local structure by swapping stem-loops for highly and lowly expressed miRNAs, which resulted in a perturbed accumulation of the mature miRNA. Examination of sRNA profiles in 3 independent B cell lines expressing KSHV miRNAs or infected with KSHV, without replicate

2014-06-02 | E-GEOD-53296 | biostudies-arrayexpress

A quantitative map of human primary microRNA processing sites

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2021-07-28 | PXD025767 | Pride

Structural atlas of human primary microRNAs generated by SHAPE-MaP

Project description:MicroRNA (miRNA) maturation is critically dependent on structural features of primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs). However, the scarcity of determined pri-miRNA structures has limited our understanding of miRNA maturation. Here we employed SHAPE-MaP, a high-throughput RNA structure probing method, to unravel the secondary structures of 476 high-confidence human pri-miRNAs. Our SHAPE-based structures diverge substantially from those inferred solely from computation, particularly in the apical loop and basal segments, underlining the need for experimental data in RNA structure prediction. By comparing the structures with high-throughput processing data, we determined the optimal structural features of pri-miRNAs. The sequence determinants are influenced substantially by their structural contexts. Moreover, we identified an element termed the bulged GWG motif (bGWG) with a 3′ bulge in the lower stem, which promotes processing. Our structure-function mapping better annotates the determinants of pri-miRNA processing and offers practical implications for designing small hairpin RNAs and predicting the impacts of miRNA mutations.

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2017-02-13 | GSE68866 | GEO

The high-throughput human pri-miRNA processing assays

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2023-01-23 | GSE215790 | GEO

The SHAPE-MaP experiment to identify RNA structures of pri-mir-142 variants

Project description:MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that play essential roles in RNA silencing and gene regulation. The human Microprocessor (MP) is the key factor to initiate miRNA biogenesis by cleaving primary microRNAs (pri-miRNAs). However, the Microprocessor alone cannot precisely and efficiently cleave all pri-miRNAs; thus, it requires cofactors to assist its cleavage. SRSF3 interacts with CNNC in pri-miRNAs, enhancing the MP cleavage. However, it is unknown if SRSF3 can function with other non-CNNC motifs and if secondary structure might influce CNNC function. In addition, function of SRSF7, a paralog of SRSF3, in the SR proteins family, in miRNA biogenesis is largely unknown. In this study, by conducting the high-throughput pri-miRNA cleavage assays for the MP with SRSF3 or SRSF7 and randomized pri-miRNAs, we discovered that SRSF7 also stimulate MP clevage. Futhermore, we found that both SRSF3 and SRSF7 can function with some non-CNNC motifs and with CNNC motifs with certain secondary structures. Furthermore, we also demonstrated that SRSF7 and SRSF3 governed the cleavage sites of the Microprocessor in human cells. Our findings disclose the roles SRSF7 in miRNA biogenesis, demonstrate a compresenhive moleucalr mechanism of SFSF3 and SRSF7 in enhancing cleavage of MP and described in more detail the RNA-binding features of SRSF7 and SRSF3.

2023-01-23 | GSE221996 | GEO

The bulges control in pri-miRNA processing in the position and strand-dependent manner

Project description:The microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis is responsible for the production of miRNAs that play critical roles in gene expression and numerous human diseases. The adequate biogenesis of miRNAs is largely determined by the efficiency and fidelity of primary microRNA (pri-miRNA) processing by Microprocessor. Here, we investigated the roles of a secondary RNA element, an RNA bulge, in pri-miRNA processing. We discovered that the 3p-strand bulges in positions 7-9 from the Microprocessor cleavage sites (midB_7-9) contributes to determining the cleavage sites of Microprocessor, the 5p- and 3p-strand bugles in positions 10-12 (midB_10-12) blocked the unproductive cleavage, and the 3p-strand bulges in positions 6-7 (seedB) inhibited the productive cleavage of Microprocessor. The 5p-strand midB_10-12 was found enriched and conserved in many pri-miRNAs of humans and other organisms. In addition, by analyzing the published Microprocessor-RNA structure and doing mutagenesis, we identified several amino acid residues of Microprocessor that explains a structure basis for the processing inhibition caused by seedB. The revealed functions of bulges in our study improves our understanding of the pri-miRNA processing by Microprocessor and implies their roles in regulating miRNA expression.

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The effect of SEAP1 on the accumulation of miRNAs and mRNAs

Project description:SE-Associated Protein 1 (SEAP1), is a conserved protein in eukaryotes. Its orthologs, SART3 and PRP24 from metazoans and yeast play essential roles in splicing. Here, we report that SE-Associated Protein 1 (SEAP1), is required for miRNA biogenesis in Aradopsis. Lack of SEAP1 causes embryo lethality and knockdown of SEAP1 by an artificial miRNA (amiRSEAP1) causes pleiotropic growth defects and reduction in miRNA accumulation, accompanied with increased levels of target transcripts. SEAP1 associates with the RNase III enzyme Dicer-like 1(DCL1) complex, which processes primary miRNA transcripts (pri-miRNAs) into miRNAs, and seems to promote the interaction of the DCL1 complexes with pri-miRNAs. SEAP1 is also required for pri-miRNA accumulation. However, it does not affect the transcription of pri-miRNAs, suggesting it may indirectly or directly stabilize pri-miRNAs. SEAP1 also affects the spicing of pri-mRNAs. These results suggest that SEPA1 promotes miRNA biogenesis by positively modulating pri-miRNA splicing, processing and stability. We also find that intron retention in amiRSEAP1 is altered at global levels, linking SEAP1 to spicing. Collectively, our results uncover the function of SEAP1 in plants.

2021-04-12 | GSE171865 | GEO

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Project description:N4 acetylcytidine (ac4C) modification mainly occurs on tRNA, rRNA, and mRNA, playing an important role in the expression of genetic information. However, it is still unclear whether microRNAs have undergone ac4C modification and their potential physiological and pathological functions. In this study, we identified that NAT10/THUMPD1 acetylates primary microRNAs (pri-miRNAs) with ac4C modification. Knockdown of NAT10 suppresses and augments the expression levels of mature miRNAs and pri-miRNAs, respectively. Molecular mechanism studies found that pri-miRNA ac4C promotes the processing of pri-miRNA into precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA) by enhancing the interaction of pri-miRNA and DGCR8, thereby increasing the biogenesis of mature miRNA. Knockdown of NAT10 attenuates the oncogenic characters of lung cancer cells by regulating miRNA production in cancers. Moreover, NAT10 is highly expressed in various clinical cancers and negatively correlated with poor prognosis. Thus, our results reveal that NAT10 plays a crucial role in cancer initiation and progression by modulating pri-miRNA ac4C to affect miRNA production, which would provide an attractive therapeutic strategy for cancers.

2024-01-01 | GSE223148 | GEO

The Interplay between K63-linked Polyubiquitinated DDX17 and m6A-modified miRNAs Regulates Hypoxia-induced Tumor Initiation

Project description:DEAD-box RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play a significant role in RNA metabolism to achieve cellular homeostasis, including miRNA biogenesis and transcription. Hypoxia induces stemness cell-like characteristics in cancer cells and promotes malignant progression. Despite the fact that hypoxia can induce the changes in protein and RNA modification, thereby regulating downstream gene expressions, how modifications at different molecular layers interplay with each other are poorly understood. Here we show that hypoxia induces HectH9-mediated K63-linked polyubiquitination of the DEAD-box protein DDX17 as well as reduces N6-methyladenosine (m6A) marks in pri-miRNAs. While m6A potentiates DDX17 binding to pri-miRNAs, decreased m6A modifications of pri-miRNAs and increased polyubiquitination of DDX17 under hypoxia lead to decreased DDX17 binding to pri-miRNAs binding. These events enhance the association of DDX17 with the ubiquitin receptor p300 and lead to a decrease in miRNA biogenesis, especially for miRNAs regulating stemness and stemness-related genes. In addition, polyubiquitinated DDX17 together with p300 upregulates H3K56Ac levels on the stemness and stemness-related genes, resulting in enhancement of tumor initiating ability. Post-transcriptionally, decreased miRNA production, including those targeting stemness genes or stemness-related genes, also facilitates tumor initiation. Together, hypoxia triggers DDX17 poly-ubiquitination, which orchestrates dual mechanisms to increase tumor initiating ability and promote tumor progression.

2018-03-09 | PXD006059 | JPOST Repository

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