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DNA hypomethylation bypasses the interploidy hybridization barrier in Arabidopsis

ABSTRACT: Plants of different ploidy levels are separated by a strong postzygotic hybridization barrier that is established in the endosperm. Deregulated parent-of-origin specific genes are causal for the response to interploidy hybridizations, revealing an epigenetic basis of this phenomenon. In this study we present evidence that paternal hypomethylation can bypass the interploidy hybridization barrier by alleviating the requirement of the epigenetic Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) in the endosperm. Bypass of the barrier is mediated by suppressed expression of imprinted genes. We show that hypomethylated pollen causes redistribution of CHG methylation to PRC2 target genes, revealing that different epigenetic modifications can functionally substitute for each other. Our work presents a method and the underlying mechanism for the generation of viable triploids, providing an impressive example for the potential of epigenome manipulations for plant breeding.

ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana

PROVIDER: GSE53642 | GEO | 2014/09/22

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA232535

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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DNA hypomethylation bypasses the interploidy hybridization barrier in Arabidopsis

Project description:Plants of different ploidy levels are separated by a strong postzygotic hybridization barrier that is established in the endosperm. Deregulated parent-of-origin specific genes are causal for the response to interploidy hybridizations, revealing an epigenetic basis of this phenomenon. In this study we present evidence that paternal hypomethylation can bypass the interploidy hybridization barrier by alleviating the requirement of the epigenetic Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) in the endosperm. Bypass of the barrier is mediated by suppressed expression of imprinted genes. We show that hypomethylated pollen causes redistribution of CHG methylation to PRC2 target genes, revealing that different epigenetic modifications can functionally substitute for each other. Our work presents a method and the underlying mechanism for the generation of viable triploids, providing an impressive example for the potential of epigenome manipulations for plant breeding. Examination of DNA methylation in Arabidopsis endosperm, embryo, and pollen, and gene expression in seeds

2014-09-22 | E-GEOD-53642 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Selective egg cell polyspermy bypasses the triploid block

Project description:Polyploidization, the increase in genome copies, is considered a major driving force for speciation. We have recently provided the first direct in planta evidence for polyspermy induced polyploidization. Capitalizing on a novel sco1-based polyspermy assay, we here show that polyspermy can selectively polyploidize the egg cell, while rendering the genome size of the ploidy-sensitive central cell unaffected. This unprecedented result indicates that polyspermy can bypass the triploid block, which is an established postzygotic polyploidization barrier. In fact, we here show that most polyspermy-derived seeds are insensitive to the triploid block suppressor admetos. The robustness of polyspermy-derived plants is evidenced by the first transcript profiling of triparental plants and our observation that these idiosyncratic organisms segregate tetraploid offspring within a single generation. Polyspermy-derived triparental plants are thus comparable to triploids recovered from interploidy crosses. Our results expand current polyploidization concepts and have important implications for plant breeding.

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Arabidopsis thaliana

Project description:DNA hypomethylation bypasses the interploidy hybridization barrier in Arabidopsis

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Ectopic application of the repressive histone modification H3K9me2 establishes postzygotic reproductive isolation in Arabidopsis thaliana

Project description:Hybrid seed lethality as a consequence of interspecies or interploidy hybridizations is a major mechanism of reproductive isolation in plants. This mechanism is manifested in the endosperm, a dosage sensitive tissue supporting embryo growth. Deregulated expression of imprinted genes like ADMETOS (ADM) underpin the interploidy hybridization barrier in Arabidopsis thaliana, however, the mechanisms of their action remained unknown. In this study we show that ADM interacts with the AT-hook domain protein AHL10 and the SET domain-containing SU(VAR)3-9 homolog SUVH9 and ectopically recruits the heterochromatic mark H3K9me2 to AT-rich transposable elements (TEs), causing deregulated expression of neighboring genes. Several hybrid incompatibility genes identified in Drosophila encode for heterochromatin-interacting proteins, which has led to the suggestion that hybrid incompatibilities evolve as consequence of interspecies divergence of selfish DNA elements and their regulation. Our data showing that imbalance of dosage-sensitive chromatin regulators underpins hybrid incompatibility in Arabidopsis strongly support this view, demonstrating that reproductive isolation as a consequence of epigenetic regulation of TEs is a conserved feature in animals and plants.

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Maternal siRNAs as regulators of parental genome imbalance and gene expression in endosperm of Arabidopsis seeds.

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2011-11-11 | E-GEOD-25280 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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Project description:Crossing plants of the same species but different ploidies can have dramatic effects on seed growth, but little is known about the alterations to transcriptional programmes responsible for this. Parental genomic imbalance particularly affects proliferation of the endosperm, with an increased ratio of paternally to maternally contributed genomes (‘paternal excess’) associated with overproliferation, while maternal excess inhibits endosperm growth. One interpretation is that interploidy crosses disrupt the balance in the seed of active copies of parentally imprinted genes. This is supported by the observation that mutations in imprinted FIS-class genes of Arabidopsis thaliana share many features of the paternal excess phenotype. Here we investigated gene expression underlying parent-of-origin effects in Arabidopsis through transcriptional profiling of siliques generated by interploidy crosses and FIS-class mutants.

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Project description:Paternally expressed imprinted genes establish postzygotic hybridization barriers in Arabidopsis thaliana

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