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Genome-wide profiling of mouse RNA secondary structures reveals key features of the mammalian transcriptome

ABSTRACT: By using a novel high-throughput method, named chemical inference of RNA structures (CIRS-seq), that uses dimethyl sulfate (DMS), and N-cyclohexyl-N'-(2-morpholinoethyl)carbodiimide metho-p-toluenesulfonate (CMCT) to modify RNA residues in single-stranded conformation within native RNA secondary structures, we investigated the structural features of mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC) transcripts. Our analysis revealed an unexpected higher structuring of the 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) compared to the coding regions, a reduced structuring at the Kozak sequence and stop codon, and a three-nucleotide periodicity across the coding region of messenger RNAs. We also observed that ncRNAs exhibit a higher degree of structuring with respect to protein coding transcripts. Moreover, we found that the Lin28a binding protein binds selectively to RNA motifs with a strong preference toward a single stranded conformation.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE54106 | GEO | 2014/10/01

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA235209

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Genome-wide profiling of mouse RNA secondary structures reveals key features of the mammalian transcriptome

Project description:By using a novel high-throughput method, named chemical inference of RNA structures (CIRS-seq), that uses dimethyl sulfate (DMS), and N-cyclohexyl-N'-(2-morpholinoethyl)carbodiimide metho-p-toluenesulfonate (CMCT) to modify RNA residues in single-stranded conformation within native RNA secondary structures, we investigated the structural features of mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC) transcripts. Our analysis revealed an unexpected higher structuring of the 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) compared to the coding regions, a reduced structuring at the Kozak sequence and stop codon, and a three-nucleotide periodicity across the coding region of messenger RNAs. We also observed that ncRNAs exhibit a higher degree of structuring with respect to protein coding transcripts. Moreover, we found that the Lin28a binding protein binds selectively to RNA motifs with a strong preference toward a single stranded conformation. Transcritome-wide mapping of RNA secondary structures in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC)

2014-10-01 | E-GEOD-54106 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Carbodiimide reagents for the chemical probing of RNA structure in cells

Project description:Deciphering the conformations of RNAs in their cellular environment allows identification of RNA elements with potentially functional roles within biological contexts. Insight into the conformation of RNA in cells has been achieved using chemical probes that were developed to react specifically with flexible RNA nucleotides, or the Watson-Crick face of single-stranded nucleotides. The most widely used probes are either selective SHAPE (2'-hydroxyl acylation and primer extension) reagents that probe nucleotide flexibility, or dimethyl sulfate (DMS), which probes the base-pairing at adenine and cytosine but is unable to interrogate guanine or uracil. The constitutively charged carbodiimide N-cyclohexyl-N'-(2-morpholinoethyl)carbodiimide metho-p-toluenesulfonate (CMC) is widely used for probing G and U nucleotides, but has not been established for probing RNA in cells. Here, we report the use of a smaller and conditionally charged reagent, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC), as a chemical probe of RNA conformation, and the first reagent validated for structure probing of unpaired G and U nucleotides in intact cells. We showed that EDC demonstrates similar reactivity to CMC when probing transcripts in vitro. We found that EDC specifically reacted with accessible nucleotides in the 7SK noncoding RNA in intact cells. We probed structured regions within the Xist lncRNA with EDC and integrated these data with DMS probing data. Together, EDC and DMS allowed us to refine predicted structure models for the 3’ extension of repeat C within Xist. These results highlight how complementing DMS probing experiments with EDC allows the analysis of Watson-Crick base-pairing at all four nucleotides of RNAs in their cellular context.

2018-12-26 | GSE118309 | GEO

A new reagent for in vivo structure probing of RNA G and U residues that improves RNA structure prediction alone and combined with DMS

Project description:A key to understanding the roles of RNA in regulating gene expression is knowing their structures in vivo. One way to obtain this information is through probing structures of RNA with chemicals. To probe RNA structure directly in cells, membrane-permeable reagents that modify the Watson-Crick (WC) face of unpaired nucleotides can be used. While dimethyl sulfate (DMS) has led to substantial insight into RNA structure, it has limited nucleotide specificity in vivo, with WC face reactivity only at Adenine (A) and Cytosine (C) at neutral pH. The reagent 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) was recently shown to modify the WC face of Guanine (G) and Uracil (U). While useful at lower concentrations in experiments that measure chemical modifications by reverse transcription stops, at higher concentrations necessary for detection by mutational profiling (MaP), EDC treatment leads to degradation of RNA. Indeed, herein we demonstrate EDC-stimulated degradation of RNA in Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. In an attempt to overcome these limitations, we developed a new carbodiimide reagent, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide methiodide (ETC), which we show specifically modifies unpaired Gs and Us in vivo without substantial degradation of RNA. We establish ETC as a probe for MaP and optimize the reverse transcription conditions and computational analysis in Escherichia coli. Importantly, we demonstrate the utility of ETC as a probe for improving RNA structure prediction both alone and with DMS.

2024-04-09 | GSE254895 | GEO

Hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry of wt Mtr4 with various RNA substrates

Project description:Mtr4 is a eukaryotic RNA helicase required for RNA decay by the nuclear exosome. Previous studies have shown how RNA enroute to the exosome threads through the highly conserved helicase core of Mtr4. Mtr4 also contains an arch domain, although details of potential interactions between the arch and RNA have been elusive. To understand the interaction of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mtr4 with various RNAs, we have characterized RNA binding in solution using hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, and affinity and unwinding assays. We have identified RNA interactions within the helicase core that are consistent with existing structures and do not vary between tRNA, single-stranded RNA, and double-stranded RNA constructs. We have also identified novel RNA interactions with a region of the arch known as the fist or KOW. These interactions are important for RNA unwinding and vary in strength depending on RNA structure and length. They account for Mtr4 discrimination between different RNAs. These interactions further drive Mtr4 to adopt a closed conformation characterized by reduced dynamics of the arch arm and intra-domain contacts between the fist and helicase core.

2022-03-07 | PXD031962 | Pride

dsRNAs expressed in C. elegans development

Project description:Cellular RNAs containing double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) structures are subject to A-to-I RNA editing by the adenosine deaminases that act on RNA (ADARs). While A-to-I editing can alter mRNA coding potential, most editing is observed in non-coding sequences, the function of which remains poorly characterized. Using a dsRNA immunoprecipitation and high-thoughput sequencing (dsRIP-Seq) approach, we identify 1523 expressed A-to-I edited regions and characterize their expression during Caenorhabditis elegans development. We observe that edited regions are highly expressed in early development and are closely associated with protein-coding genes. Edited dsRNA structures give rise to abundant small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that are negatively correlated with ADAR expression and regulate the developmental expression of associated genes.

2018-02-23 | GSE79375 | GEO

Genome-wide circular RNA expression patterns reflect resistance to immunomodulatory drugs in multiple myeloma cells

Project description:Immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs), such as lenalidomide and pomalidomide, may induce significant remissions in multiple myeloma (MM) patients, but relapses are frequently observed and the underlying molecular mechanisms for this are not completely understood. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) constitute an emerging class of non-coding RNAs with important roles in cancer. Here, we profiled genome-wide expression patterns of circRNAs in IMiD sensitive MM cells and their resistant counterparts as well as in IMiD resistant cells treated with specific epigenetic drugs alone or in combination. We found that genome-wide circRNA expression patterns reflect IMiD-sensitivity and ciRS-7 (also known as CDR1as) was the most downregulated circRNA upon acquired resistance. The depletion of ciRS-7 correlated with increased methylation levels of the promoter CpG island of its host gene, LINC00632. Expression of LINC00632 and ciRS-7 was partly restored by treatment with a combination of an EZH2 inhibitor (EPZ-6438) and a DNA methyl transferase inhibitor (5-azacytidine), which also restores the IMiD sensitivity of the cells. However, knockdown of ciRS-7 did not affect IMiD sensitivity and we found that ciRS-7 also becomes epigenetically silenced after prolonged cell culture without drug-exposure. In conclusion, we found that genome-wide circRNA expression patterns reflect IMiD sensitivity in an in vitro model of acquired resistance.

2021-02-19 | GSE161960 | GEO

hnRNP 1 H/F drive RNA G-quadruplex-mediated translation linked to genomic instability and therapy resistance in glioblastoma

Project description:RNA G-quadruplexes (RG4s) are four-stranded structures known to control mRNA translation of cancer relevant genes. RG4 formation is pervasive in vitro but not in cellulo, indicating the existence of a poorly characterized molecular machinery that remodels RG4s and maintains them unfolded. To help fill this gap in knowledge, we performed a quantitative proteomic screen to identify cytosolic proteins that interact with a canonical RG4 in its folded and unfolded conformation. Our results identified hnRNP H/F as important components of the cytoplasmic machinery modulating RG4s structural integrity, revealed their function in RG4-mediated translation and uncovered the underlying molecular mechanism impacting cellular stress response linked to the outcome of glioblastoma, one of the deadliest types of solid cancer overall.

2020-11-11 | PXD015609 | Pride

Pseudouridines have context-dependent mutation and stop rates in high-throughput sequencing

Project description:The abundant RNA modification pseudouridine (Ψ) has been mapped transcriptome-wide by chemically modifying pseudouridines with carbodiimide and detecting the resulting reverse transcription stops in high-throughput sequencing. However, these methods have limited sensitivity and specificity, in part due to the use of reverse transcription stops. We sought to use mutations rather than just stops in sequencing data to identify pseudouridine sites. Here, we identify reverse transcription conditions that allow read-through of carbodiimide-modified pseudouridine (CMC-Ψ), and we show that pseudouridines in carbodiimide-treated human ribosomal RNA have context-dependent mutation and stop rates in high-throughput sequencing libraries prepared under these conditions. Furthermore, accounting for the context-dependence of mutation and stop rates can enhance the detection of pseudouridine sites. Similar approaches could contribute to the sequencing-based detection of many RNA modifications.

2018-05-07 | GSE110247 | GEO

The role of a mammalian network in regulating ischemic stroke outcome II

Project description:To detect mRNAs in ischemic stroke animals we dissected contralateral (CL) and peri-ischemic (PI) cortex of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAo) mice wild-type and ciRS-7 KO We performed differentially expression analysis of RNA-seq of wild-type and ciRS-7 KO tMCAo ischemic mice

2023-01-31 | GSE213177 | GEO

A low-abundance class of Dicer-dependent siRNAs produced from a variety of features in C. elegans

Project description:Canonical small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are generated by the cleavage of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) by the ribonuclease Dicer. siRNAs are found in plants, animals, and some fungi where they bind to Argonautes to direct RNA silencing. In this study, we characterized the canonical Dicer-dependent siRNAs of C. elegans. We identified thousands of endogenous loci, representing dozens of unique elements, that give rise to low to moderate levels of siRNAs, called 23H-RNAs. These loci include repetitive elements, alleged coding genes, pseudogenes, non-coding RNAs, and unannotated features, many of which adopt hairpin structures.

2024-01-29 | GSE254442 | GEO

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