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Comprehensive mouse alpha and beta cell transcriptomes

ABSTRACT: Rodent models are widely used to study diabetes. Yet, significant gaps remain in our understanding of mouse islet physiology that reduce their accuracy as a model for human islet disease. We generated comprehensive transcriptomes of mouse beta and alpha cells using a novel bitransgenic mouse model generated for this purpose. This enables systematic comparison across thousands of genes between the two major endocrine cell types of the islets of Langerhans whose principal hormones are of cardinal importance for glucose homeostasis. Our data leveraged against similar data for human beta cells reveal a core common beta cell transcriptome of 9900+ genes and marked differences in the repertoire of receptors and long non-coding RNAs between mouse and human beta cells. The comprehensive comparison of the (dis)similarities between mouse and human beta cells represents an invaluable resource to boost the effectiveness by which rodent models offer guidance in finding cures for human diabetes.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE54973 | GEO | 2014/09/16

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA238185

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Comprehensive mouse alpha and beta cell transcriptomes

Project description:Rodent models are widely used to study diabetes. Yet, significant gaps remain in our understanding of mouse islet physiology that reduce their accuracy as a model for human islet disease. We generated comprehensive transcriptomes of mouse beta and alpha cells using a novel bitransgenic mouse model generated for this purpose. This enables systematic comparison across thousands of genes between the two major endocrine cell types of the islets of Langerhans whose principal hormones are of cardinal importance for glucose homeostasis. Our data leveraged against similar data for human beta cells reveal a core common beta cell transcriptome of 9900+ genes and marked differences in the repertoire of receptors and long non-coding RNAs between mouse and human beta cells. The comprehensive comparison of the (dis)similarities between mouse and human beta cells represents an invaluable resource to boost the effectiveness by which rodent models offer guidance in finding cures for human diabetes. FACS purified alpha and beta cells from the same islets. Islets were isolated from bitransgenic offspring of a cross between mIns1-H2b-mCherry and S100b-eGFP transgenic reporter mice that mark beta and alpha cells, respectively. Islets from two replicate groups of 10 or 11 animals were pooled by sex to obtain sufficient material. Pooled islets were dissociated, sorted and collect in Trizol for RNA isolation and library construction.

2014-09-16 | E-GEOD-54973 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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Dynamic regulation of miRNA and mRNA signatures during in vitro pancreatic differentiation (miRNA)

Project description:The remarkable differentiation capacity of pluripotent stem cells into any adult cell types have enabled researchers to model human embryonic development and disease process in dishes, as well as deriving specialized cells for replacing damaged tissues. Type 1 diabetes is a degenerative disease characterized by autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta islet cells in the pancreas. Recent advances have led to the establishment of different methods to direct differentiation of human or mouse pluripotent stem cells toward beta cell lineages. However, existing strategies have not yet succeeded in generating fully functional beta cells in vitro. Thus, it remains a major challenge to identify novel regulators of beta cell differentiation and maturation, and the islet-specific genetic and epigenetic regulatory networks are logical targets. To obtain a comprehensive view of the microRNA expression pattern during in vitro directed differentiation of hPSC into pancreatic beta islet cells, we collected 16 samples of 6 stages of differentiated derivatives, 2 samples of human fetal pancreas and 5 samples of purified human beta islet cells for analysis. With these samples, we performed genome-wide microRNA expression profiling using the Illumina Human v2 MicroRNA Expression BeadChips (1,146 assays).

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Dynamic regulation of miRNA and mRNA signatures during in vitro pancreatic differentiation (mRNA)

Project description:The remarkable differentiation capacity of pluripotent stem cells into any adult cell types have enabled researchers to model human embryonic development and disease process in dishes, as well as deriving specialized cells for replacing damaged tissues. Type 1 diabetes is a degenerative disease characterized by autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta islet cells in the pancreas. Recent advances have led to the establishment of different methods to direct differentiation of human or mouse pluripotent stem cells toward beta cell lineages. However, existing strategies have not yet succeeded in generating fully functional beta cells in vitro. Thus, it remains a major challenge to identify novel regulators of beta cell differentiation and maturation, and the islet-specific genetic and epigenetic regulatory networks are logical targets. To obtain a comprehensive view of the mRNA expression pattern during in vitro directed differentiation of hPSC into pancreatic beta islet cells, we collected 16 samples of 6 stages of differentiated derivatives, 2 samples of human fetal pancreas and 5 samples of purified human beta islet cells for analysis. With these samples, we performed genome-wide mRNA expression profiling using the Illumina Infinium HT-12 v4 Gene Expression BeadArray.

2012-11-07 | E-GEOD-42094 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Comprehensive transcriptomes of mouse pancreatic islet delta, beta, and alpha cells

Project description:Rodent models are widely used to study diabetes. Yet, significant gaps remain in our understanding of mouse islet physiology. We generated comprehensive transcriptomes of mouse delta, beta and alpha cells using two separate triple transgenic mouse models generated for this purpose. This enables systematic comparison across thousands of genes between the three major endocrine cell types of the islets of Langerhans whose principal hormones control nutrient homeostasis. FACS purified delta or alpha cells and beta cells from the same islets. Islets were isolated from triple transgenic offspring of a cross between mIns1-H2b-mCherry (Jax # 028589) and either Sst-Cre (delta) or Gcg-cre (alpha) cells and a floxed YFP allele to label delta or alpha cells, respectively. Islets from replicate groups of 10 to 12 triple transgenic animals for each group were pooled by sex to obtain sufficient material. Pooled islets were dissociated, sorted and collect in Trizol for RNA isolation and library construction.

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Project description:Immature β-cells are present in adult islets. However, their contribution to insulin release is not fully understood. Here we show that specific loss of immature β-cells induces failure throughout the β-cell complement. Functional mapping of the β-cell population in rodent and human loss-of-immaturity islets revealed defects in metabolism, ionic fluxes and insulin secretion. At the transcriptomic level, loss of immature β-cells led to dysregulation of gene pathways involved in glucose and carbohydrate-derivative metabolic processes. Using a chemogenetic disruption strategy, immature β-cells were found to depend on the islet signaling network for their phenotype. During metabolic stress, islet function could be restored by redressing the balance between immature and mature β-cells. We thus unveil immature β-cells as a critical component in islet operation. Preserving immature β-cells might be important for islet engineering efforts and more broadly the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

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Project description:Type-2 diabetes (T2D) mellitus results from a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors leading to deficient insulin secretion from pancreatic islet beta cells. Here, we provide a the first comprehensive study of the human islet state of metabolically profiled pancreatectomized living human donors in relationship to glycemic control integrating clinical traits with multiple in situ islet and pre-operative blood omics datasets across the glycemia continuum from non diabetic healthy to overt T2D levels. Our transcriptomics and proteomics data suggest that progressive dysregulation of islet gene expression associated with increasing glucose intolerance is a disharmonic process resembling a non-linear trajectory of mature beta cell states towards trans-differentiation. Furthermore, we identify a unique islet gene set altered already in early-onset glucose intolerance and that, which correlates well across HbA1c levels - the gold-standard in clinical monitoring. Our findings reach beyond conventional clinical thresholds and can serve as direct or indirect prognostic markers for beta cell failure.

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