Candidates for bile acid-dependent PPARα-target genes in mouse intestinal cells
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE55443 | GEO | 2015/08/01
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA239636
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:In addition to their role as a digestive detergent, bile acids have the ability to modulate the expression of genes. The intestinal content of cholic acids (CA) fluctuated in response to the daily feeding-fasting cycle; therefore, we hypothesized that the temporal accumulation of CA may affect the expression of genes in intestinal epithelial cells. To screen bile acid-regulated genes, we performed oligonucleotide microarray analyses using RNA isolated from the CA-treated intestinal cells of mice. Several types of genes were screened as candidates for bile acid-regulated genes. They included genes that encoded lipid metabolism-related proteins, receptors, transcriptional factors, and plasma-membrane transporters. Total 2 samples were derived from [1] vehicle (0.05% DMSO and 0.25% ethanol)-treated intestinal epithelial cells of mice and [2] cholic acid (CA)-treated intestinal epithelial cells of mice.
2015-08-01 | E-GEOD-55443 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in men and the second in women worldwide, with most of the case occurrences in developed regions. CRC can be induced by luminal factors, like dietary components and bile acids. Bile acids are metabolized from cholesterol in the liver, stored in the gallbladder and released into the small intestine upon meal ingestion to facilitate the absorption of dietary lipids and lipid-soluble vitamins. Bile acids are effectively reabsorbed at the distal ileum and returned to the liver, and only a small portion (~2-5%) enters the colon. Here primary bile acids, like cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) are deconjugated by bacteria and secondary bile acids are formed, such as deoxycholic acid (DCA), ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and lithocholic acid. DCA is the major component of the colonic bile acid pool and is found to be increased upon a high fat diet. Moreover, high levels of DCA are known to increase the risk of colorectal cancer by inducing cytotoxicity to epithelial cells. In this study the cytotoxicity of Caco-2 cells to stimulation with cholic acid is investigated.
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Project description:Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) can promote host defense, chronic inflammation or tissue protection and are regulated by cytokines and neuropeptides. However, their regulation by diet and microbiota-derived signals remains unclear. We show that an inulin fiber diet promotes Tph1-expressing inflammatory ILC2s (ILC2INFLAM) in the colon which produce IL-5 but not tissue-protective amphiregulin (AREG), resulting in accumulation of eosinophils. This exacerbates inflammation in a murine model of intestinal damage and inflammation in an ILC2- and eosinophil-dependent manner. Mechanistically, inulin fiber diet elevated microbiota-derived bile acids, including cholic acid (CA) that induced expression of ILC2-activating IL-33. In IBD patients, bile acids, their receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR), IL-33, and eosinophils were all upregulated compared to controls, suggesting relevance of this diet-ILC2 axis in human IBD pathogenesis. Together, these data reveal that dietary fiber-induced changes in microbial metabolites operate as a rheostat that governs protective versus pathologic ILC2 responses with relevance to precision nutrition for inflammatory diseases.
2024-02-13 | GSE255720 | GEO
Project description:Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) can promote host defense, chronic inflammation or tissue protection and are regulated by cytokines and neuropeptides. However, their regulation by diet and microbiota-derived signals remains unclear. We show that an inulin fiber diet promotes Tph1-expressing inflammatory ILC2s (ILC2INFLAM) in the colon which produce IL-5 but not tissue-protective amphiregulin (AREG), resulting in accumulation of eosinophils. This exacerbates inflammation in a murine model of intestinal damage and inflammation in an ILC2- and eosinophil-dependent manner. Mechanistically, inulin fiber diet elevated microbiota-derived bile acids, including cholic acid (CA) that induced expression of ILC2-activating IL-33. In IBD patients, bile acids, their receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR), IL-33, and eosinophils were all upregulated compared to controls, suggesting relevance of this diet-ILC2 axis in human IBD pathogenesis. Together, these data reveal that dietary fiber-induced changes in microbial metabolites operate as a rheostat that governs protective versus pathologic ILC2 responses with relevance to precision nutrition for inflammatory diseases.
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Project description:There is increased interest in the potential protective role of dietary Ca in the development of metabolic disorders related to the metabolic syndrome. Ca-induced intestinal precipitation of fatty acids and bile acids as well as systemic metabolic effects of Ca on adipose tissue is proposed to play a causal role. In this experiment, we have studied all these aspects to validate the suggested protective effect of Ca supplementation, independent of other dietary changes, on the development of diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. In our diet intervention study, C57BL/6J mice were fed high-fat diets differing in Ca concentrations (50 v. 150 mmol/kg). Faecal excretion analyses showed an elevated precipitation of intestinal fatty acids (2·3-fold; P < 0·01) and bile acids (2-fold; P < 0·01) on the high-Ca diet. However, this only led to a slight reduction in fat absorption (from 98 to 95 %; P < 0·01), mainly in the distal small intestine as indicated by gene expression changes. We found no effect on body-weight gain. Lipolysis and lipogenesis-related parameters in adipose tissue also showed no significant changes on the high-Ca diet, indicating no systemic effects of dietary Ca on adiposity. Furthermore, early gene expression changes of intestinal signaling molecules predicted no protective effect of dietary Ca on the development of insulin resistance, which was confirmed by equal values for insulin sensitivity on both diets. Taken together, our data do not support the proposed protective effect of dietary Ca on the development of obesity and/or insulin resistance, despite a significant increase in fecal excretion of fatty acids and bile acids. Keywords: Diet intervention study
2011-03-03 | GSE18581 | GEO
Project description:In order to successfully survive in and to colonize the gastrointestinal tract, bacteria need to develop strategies to overcome bile acid stress. The most prominent bile acids are the primary bile acids cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) as well as the secondary bile acid deoxycholic acid (DCA). In this study, we investigated the stress response of E. faecalis and E. faecium to sublethal concentrations of these three bile acids on the proteome level using DIA-MS. As both species showed similar IC50 for DCA and CDCA in growth experiments and both were highly resistant towards CA, we assumed similar changes to their protein expression profiles. Moreover, we investigated proteomic differences of E. faecalis grown under aerobic or microaerophilic conditions. Our findings showed similarities, but also species-specific variations in the response to the different bile acids, which reveal potential differences in the adaptation process. DCA and CDCA had a strong effect on down-expression of proteins involved in translation, transcription and replication in E. faecalis, but to a lesser extent in E. faecium. Proteins commonly significantly altered in their expression in all bile acid treated samples were identified for both species and represent a “general bile acid response”. Among these, ABC-transporters, multi-drug transporters and proteins related to cell wall biogenesis were up-expressed in both species and thus seem to play an essential role in bile acid resistance. Specific for all E. faecalis samples was the up-expression of several subunits of a V-type ATPase and the down-expression of proteins involved in pyruvate-, citrate- and folate metabolism. Most of the differentially expressed proteins were also identified when E. faecalis was incubated with low levels of DCA at microaerophilic conditions in comparison to aerobic conditions, indicating that adaptations to bile acids and to a microaerophilic atmosphere can occur simultaneously.
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Project description:Tolerance of gut commensals to bile salt exposure is an important feature for their survival in and colonization of the intestinal environment. A transcriptomic approach was employed to study the response of Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003 to bile, allowing the identification of a number of bile-induced genes with a range of predicted functions. The potential role of a selection of these bile-inducible genes in bile protection was determined by heterologous expression in Lactococcus lactis with subsequent characterization of the recombinant strains. Genes coding for three transport systems belonging to the MFS superfamily, Bbr_0838, Bbr_0832 and Bbr_1756, and three ABC-type transporters, Bbr_0406-0407, Bbr_1804-1805 and Bbr_1826-1827, along with the dps gene Bbr_0016, were thus analyzed. L. lactis cells expressing selected transporters exhibited enhanced resistance and survival to bile. In addition, L. lactis cells expressing the Dps protein also demonstrated a higher resistance to bile. This work significantly improves our understanding as to how bifidobacteria respond to and survives bile exposure. In order to investigate differences in global gene expression upon growth or exposure of B. breve UCC2003 to cholic acid and ox-gall compared to normal growing cells, DNA microarray experiments were performed. Total RNA was isolated from B. breve UCC2003 cultures under normal conditions and cultures grown on or exposed to cholic acid and ox-gall. All experiments were performed as single experiments and targets where confirmed with QRT-PCR.
2011-12-16 | E-GEOD-31032 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Deoxycholic acid (DCA) is a secondary bile acid produced by a small number of commensal species of bacteria present in the mammalian gut. Elevated DCA concentration correlates with disease states including colon cancer and cholesterol gallstones, but the associated mechanisms are not fully understood. Both primary and secondary bile acids are also capable of affecting gene expression through nuclear receptors such as FXR. To better understand the impact of a commensal-derived secondary bile acid on host metabolism we fed DCA to germ-free (GF) mice, which normally lack DCA, and compared the hepatic transcriptomes of bile acid fed GF mice to GF mice receiving a control diet, as well as to those of conventionally housed control animals. Interestingly, the feeding of DCA to GF mice, but not the feeding of cholic acid (CA) from which DCA is derived, results in an up-regulation of genes of cholesterol biosynthetic pathways. GF mice normally have elevated hepatic cholesterol compared to conventionally housed mice. Despite increase in the expression of cholesterol biosynthetic genes, the DCA fed GF mice showed a markedly decreased level of hepatic cholesterol equivalent to the hepatic cholesterol concentration of conventionally colonized animals. Total cholesterol in the serum was unaffected by DCA, but there was a decrease in the HDL lipoprotein fraction as well as an increase in the non-HDL lipoprotein fraction of the serum cholesterol. DCA, but not CA, is sufficient to modulate host lipoprotein metabolism. Taken together, these results suggests that a minor component of the gut microbiome has a significant impact on cholesterol homeostasis through secondary metabolism of bile acids and suggests a possible therapeutic intervention route through the microbial metabolic pathways. two mouse strains, three diets, one time point
2015-01-08 | E-GEOD-34730 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:To characterize the adaptation processes of C. jejuni to sublethal concentrations of bile acids, that are a crucial component of the intestinal antimicrobial defense, including cholic- , chenodeoxycholic-, taurocholic-, glycocholic-, deoxycholic-, lithocholic-, and ursodeoxycholic acid, we used proteome profiling by label-free mass spectrometry (SWATH-MS). The most toxic bile acids, deoxycholic- and chenodeoxycholic acid induced the most significant changes in protein expression. In detail we found a significant down-regulation of in principle all basic biosynthetic pathways and a general decrease of the transcription machinery. Concurrently, an induction of factors involved in detoxification of reactive oxygen species, protein folding, and bile acid exporting efflux pumps was detected. The metabolism was optimized in such a way that the more energy-efficient aerobic respiration pathway was increased, while the energy-inefficient anaerobic branches of the electron transport chain were down-regulated. Uptake of amino acids in order to catabolize them was also increased. These results show that C. jejuni has a well-built, differentiated system of adaptation to bile acids stress. The findings of this study will enhance the understanding of the biology on the interaction of C. jejuni with the human intestine, and may provide clues to future medical treatment and prevention of C. jejuni infections.
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Project description:Deoxycholic acid (DCA) is a secondary bile acid produced by a small number of commensal species of bacteria present in the mammalian gut. Elevated DCA concentration correlates with disease states including colon cancer and cholesterol gallstones, but the associated mechanisms are not fully understood. Both primary and secondary bile acids are also capable of affecting gene expression through nuclear receptors such as FXR. To better understand the impact of a commensal-derived secondary bile acid on host metabolism we fed DCA to germ-free (GF) mice, which normally lack DCA, and compared the hepatic transcriptomes of bile acid fed GF mice to GF mice receiving a control diet, as well as to those of conventionally housed control animals. Interestingly, the feeding of DCA to GF mice, but not the feeding of cholic acid (CA) from which DCA is derived, results in an up-regulation of genes of cholesterol biosynthetic pathways. GF mice normally have elevated hepatic cholesterol compared to conventionally housed mice. Despite increase in the expression of cholesterol biosynthetic genes, the DCA fed GF mice showed a markedly decreased level of hepatic cholesterol equivalent to the hepatic cholesterol concentration of conventionally colonized animals. Total cholesterol in the serum was unaffected by DCA, but there was a decrease in the HDL lipoprotein fraction as well as an increase in the non-HDL lipoprotein fraction of the serum cholesterol. DCA, but not CA, is sufficient to modulate host lipoprotein metabolism. Taken together, these results suggests that a minor component of the gut microbiome has a significant impact on cholesterol homeostasis through secondary metabolism of bile acids and suggests a possible therapeutic intervention route through the microbial metabolic pathways.
2015-01-08 | GSE34730 | GEO