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Role of Polycomb group proteins in the DNA damage response – a reassessment

ABSTRACT: We have investigated whether components of Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) are recruited to double-strand breaks (DSBs) generated by inducible expression of the AsiSI restriction enzyme in normal human fibroblasts. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation and deep sequencing (ChIP-seq), which detects PRC1 proteins at common sites throughout the genome, we did not find evidence for recruitment of PRC1 components to AsiSI-induced DSBs. In contrast, the S2056 phosphorylated form of DNA-PKcs and other DNA repair proteins were detected at a subset of AsiSI sites that are predominantly at the 5’ ends of transcriptionally active genes. Our data question the idea that PcG protein recruitment provides a link between DSB repairs and transcriptional repression.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE55605 | GEO | 2014/07/06

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA240224

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Role of Polycomb group proteins in the DNA damage response – a reassessment

Project description:We have investigated whether components of Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) are recruited to double-strand breaks (DSBs) generated by inducible expression of the AsiSI restriction enzyme in normal human fibroblasts. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation and deep sequencing (ChIP-seq), which detects PRC1 proteins at common sites throughout the genome, we did not find evidence for recruitment of PRC1 components to AsiSI-induced DSBs. In contrast, the S2056 phosphorylated form of DNA-PKcs and other DNA repair proteins were detected at a subset of AsiSI sites that are predominantly at the 5’ ends of transcriptionally active genes. Our data question the idea that PcG protein recruitment provides a link between DSB repairs and transcriptional repression. Single chromatin preparations from treated and untreated cells (+/- OHT), immunoprecipitated with two antibodies (pDNA-PKcs and MEL18) were sequenced as technical replicates, along with the corresponding input DNAs

2014-07-06 | E-GEOD-55605 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Phosphorylation of DNA-PKcs at the S2056 cluster ensures efficient and productive lymphocyte development in XLF-deficient mice

Project description:The non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway is a major DNA double-strand break repair pathway in mammals and is essential for lymphocyte development. Ku70 and Ku80 heterodimer (KU) initiates NHEJ, thereby recruiting and activating the catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKcs). While DNA-PKcs deletion only moderately impairs end-ligation, the expression of Kinase-dead DNA-PKcs completely abrogates NHEJ. Active DNA-PK phosphorylates DNA-PKcs at two clusters – PQR around S2056 (S2053 in mouse) and ABCDE around T2609. Alanine substitution at the S2056 cluster moderately compromises end-ligation on plasmid-based assays. But mice carrying alanine substitution at all 5 serine residues within the S2056 cluster (DNA-PKcsPQR/PQR) display no defect in lymphocyte development, leaving the physiological significance of S2056 cluster phosphorylation elusive. XLF is a non-essential NHEJ factor. Xlf-/- mice have substantial peripheral lymphocytes that are completely abolished by the loss of DNA-PKcs, the related ATM kinases, other chromatin associated DNA damage response factors (e.g., 53BP1, MDC1, H2AX, MRI, etc.) or RAG2-C-terminal regions, suggesting functional redundancy. While ATM inhibition does not further compromise end-ligation, here we show that in XLF-deficient background, DNA-PKcs S2056 cluster phosphorylation is critical for normal lymphocyte development. Chromosomal V(D)J recombination from DNA-PKcsPQR/PQRXlf-/- B cells is efficient but often has large deletions that jeopardize lymphocyte development. Class switch recombination junctions from DNA-PKcsPQR/PQRXlf-/- mice are less efficient and the residual junctions display decreased fidelity and increased deletion. These findings establish a role for DNA-PKcs S2056 cluster phosphorylation in physiological chromosomal NHEJ, implying that S2056 cluster phosphorylation contributes to the synergy between XLF and DNA-PKcs in end-ligation.

2023-05-01 | GSE228850 | GEO

Multiscale reorganization of the genome following DNA damage facilitates chromosome translocations via nuclear actin polymerization

Project description:Purpose: Evaluate how ARP2/3-coupled DSB mobility affects chromatin organization (Hi-C) and translocation frequency (HTGTS) in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) harboring an inducible AsiSI restriction enzyme. MEF Hi-C Methods: Damaged samples were treated with 3 ug/mL doxycycline for 24 hours. For the last 6 hours of doxycycline treatment, 1 ug/mL 4-OHT was used to induce AsiSI translocation to the nucleus, triggering DSBs. Cells were co-treated with DMSO, 100 μM CK-666, or 10 μM NU7441. For DNA-PKcs inhibitor experiments, cells were pretreated with 10 μM NU7441 for 1 hour prior to induction of damage with 4OHT. 2 biological replicates were performed for each experimental condition. MEF HTGTS Methods: WT MEFs and AsiSI MEFs were treated as above. Following 6 hours treatment with dox and 4OHT, cells were lysed. For WASP inhibition, cells were treated with 3 μM wiskostatin following induction of damage. For flag-actin experiments, AsiSI-MEF cells were transfected with Flag–actinR62D–NLS 24 hours prior to induction of AsiSI expression. For cas9 experiments, WT MEF cells were transfected with sgRNA targeting Chr2 48 hours prior to cell lysis.

2022-11-14 | GSE183059 | GEO

Phosphorylation at the S2056 1 cluster of DNA-PKcs is dispensable for lymphocyte development and class switch recombination in mice.

Project description:The classical non-homologous end-joining (cNHEJ) pathway is a major DNA double-strand break repair pathway in mammalian cells and is required for lymphocyte development and maturation. The DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) is a cNHEJ factor that encompasses the Ku70-Ku80 (KU) heterodimer and the large catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs). In mouse models, loss of DNA-PKcs (DNA-PKcs-/-) abrogates end-processing (e.g., hairpin-opening), but not end-ligation, while expression of the kinase-dead DNA-PKcs protein (DNA-PKcsKD/KD) abrogates end-ligation, suggesting a kinases-dependent structural function of DNA-PKcs during cNHEJ. Lymphocyte development is abolished in DNA-PKcs-/- and DNA-PKcsKD/KD mice due to the requirement for both hairpin-opening and end-ligation during V(D)J recombination. DNA-PKcs itself is the best-characterized substrate of DNA-PK. The S2056-cluster is the best characterized auto-phosphorylation site on human DNA-PKcs. Here we show that radiation can induce phosphorylation of murine DNA-PKcs at the corresponding S2053 and generated knockin mouse models with alanine- (DNA-PKcsPQR) or phospho-mimetic aspartate (DNA-PKcsSD) substitutions at the S2053 cluster. Despite moderate radiation sensitivity in the DNA-PKcsPQR/PQR fibroblasts and lymphocytes, both DNA-PKcsPQR/PQR and DNA-PKcsSD/SD mice retain normal kinase activity, and undergo efficient V(D)J recombination and class switch recombination, indicating that phosphorylation at the S2053-cluster of mouse DNA-PKcs (corresponding to S2056 of human DNA-PKcs), although important for radiation resistance, is dispensable for the end-ligation and hairpin-opening function of DNA-PK essential for lymphocyte development.

2019-04-17 | GSE129895 | GEO

ChIP-seq mapping of gH2AX, PanKcr, H3K9cr, and ENL at AsiSI-induced double-strand breaks in control and CDYL1-depleted U2OS-DIvA cells

Project description:Control and CDYL1-depleted U2OS-DIvA cells were treated with 4-hydroxy tamoxifen (4OHT) to induce multiple DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) at defined loci in the genome via AsiSI restriction enzyme. This system was used to map the changes in lysine crotonylation (Kcr) and ENL at DSB sites in control and CDYL1-deficient cells.

2022-01-22 | E-MTAB-10550 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Deletion of RING1A/B and loss of H2AK119ub1 affects PRC2 occupancy and H3K27me3 genome-wide

Project description:The chromatin modifying activities inherent to polycomb repressive complexes PRC1 and PRC2 play an essential role in gene regulation, cellular differentiation, and development. However, the mechanisms by which these complexes recognize their target sites and function together to form repressive chromatin domains remain poorly understood. Recruitment of PRC1 to target sites has been proposed to occur through a hierarchical process, dependent on the prior nucleation of PRC2 and placement of H3K27me3. Here, using a de novo targeting assay in mouse embryonic stem cells we unexpectedly discover that PRC1-dependent H2AK119ub1 leads to the recruitment of PRC2 and H3K27me3 to effectively initiate a polycomb domain. Genetic ablation of catalytic subunit of the PRC1 complex (RINGA/B) and ChIP-seq analysis of PRC1 and PRC2 components confirmed genome-wide decreases in PRC2 occupancy and H3K27me3 levels at PRC target sites. This activity is restricted to variant PRC1 complexes and genetic ablation experiments reveal that targeting of the variant PCGF1/PRC1 complex by KDM2B to CpG islands is required for polycomb domain formation and normal development. Together these observations provide a surprising new PRC1-dependent logic for PRC2 occupancy and polycomb domain formation. RING1A-/-;RING1Bfl/fl ES cells were treated with 800M-BM-5M tamoxifen for 48hours and compared to untreated control cells by ChIP-seq for RING1B, SUZ12, EZH2 and H3K27me3.

2014-05-27 | E-GEOD-55697 | biostudies-arrayexpress

DRIP-seq files for: DDX17 is required for efficient DSB repair at DNA:RNA hybrid deficient loci

Project description:Determining the role of DDX17 in the formation of DNA:RNA-hybrids around active DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) using DRIP-seq in the damaged induced via AsiSI (DIvA) cell system that induced DSBs at known genomic loci in response to hydroxytamoxifen (OHT) treatment via and AsiSI enzyme fused to an oestrogen receptor. Sequencing was done using either control or DDX17 siRNA, and mock or 4 hours 300nM OHT treatment. Paired-end 150 cycles was completed on an Illumina NextSeq 500 and library prep was completed using the NEB NEBNext Ultra II library prep kit.

2022-11-08 | E-MTAB-10814 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Deletion of RING1A/B and loss of H2AK119ub1 affects PRC2 occupancy and H3K27me3 genome-wide

2014-05-27 | GSE55697 | GEO

NeonGreen-POLQ knock-in in Human embryonic kidney 293 cells VS Human embryonic kidney 293 cells

Project description:Replication stress (RS) can lead to the formation of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) and threatens genomic stability. Homologous recombination (HR) pathway is essential to prevent RS and repairs associated DSBs. Upon excessive RS or HR deficiency, DSBs can persist in mitosis, wherein DNA damage response and DSB repair are inhibited. Thus, the fate of DSBs remaining or arising in mitosis remains poorly understood. Here we unwind two distinct roles of the polymerase theta (Polθ) in the maintenance of genomic stability. First, by mass spectrometry and foci screening we show that, in interphase, Polθ interacts with HR proteins and its recruitment to IR-induced DSBs is highly dependent of HR pathway. Secondly, we identify a novel role of the Polθ in counteracting the deleterious effect of DSBs in mitosis. Contrariwise to its interphase recruitment, Polθ recruitment to mitotic DSBs is HR-independent and triggered by mitotic kinases activities. In response to RS or HR deficiency, Polθ localizes to DSBs throughout mitosis and forms nuclear bodies in the G1 daughter cells. In addition, Polθ localizes to centromeres and acentric fragments and activates the mitotic checkpoint. Conversely, Polθ deficiency leads to premature anaphase onset, resulting in an accumulation of mitotic abnormalities. Strikingly, the specific inhibition of Polθ in mitosis kills HR-deficient cells, identifying mitotic Polθ function as its key role in maintaining genome integrity. Our results pinpoint to the mitotic Polθ-mediated replication stress response pathway as a unique vulnerability of cancer cells, with great potential for further investigation.

2023-09-18 | PXD029585 | Pride

GATAD2B containing NuRD complex drives R-loop dependent chromatin boundary formation at double strand breaks

Project description:To understand how components of NuRD could be recruited to DNA double-stranded break sites, we generate site-specific DNA double strand breaks through an inducible endonuclease AsiSI-ER system by adding 4-OHT, we applied antibodies against GATAD2B and HDAC1, both of which are components of NuRD complex, to pero ChIP in either DMSO or 4OHT treatment condition.

2024-04-17 | GSE230710 | GEO

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