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Oxidative Stress and Reduced Responsiveness of Challenged Circulating Leukocytes Following Pulmonary Instillation of Metal-Rich Particulate Matter in Rats

ABSTRACT: Exposure to welding fume consists of a mixed exposure of metal-rich particulate matter with gases (ozone, carbon monoxide) and/or vapors (VOCs). Data suggests that welders are immune compromised. Given the inability of pulmonary leukocytes to properly respond to a secondary infection, the question arose concerning how far upstream the dysfunction persisted. Our aim was to evaluate circulating leukocyte functionality after welding fume exposure. The results showed that welding fume exposure has rapid effects on the circulating leukocyte population as identified by relative mRNA expression changes. Instillation of MMA-SS reduced inflammatory protein production of circulating leukocytes when challenged with the secondary stimulus LPS. The effects were not related to transcription, but were observed in conjunction with oxidative stress.

ORGANISM(S): Rattus norvegicus

PROVIDER: GSE58197 | GEO | 2014/06/15

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA251553

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:The oomycete P. oligandrum is a soil-inhabiting parasite and predator of both fungi and oomycetes and uses hydrolytic enzymes extensively to penetrate and hydrolyze its host or prey. Other mechanisms have been overlooked, and we investigated whether P. oligandrum-produced volatile organic compounds (VOCs) could also be contributing to antagonism. VOCs have diverse functions, including contributing to antagonism in ecological interactions and potential applications in biocontrol. The growth-inhibiting activity of P. oligandrum VOCs was tested on P. myriotylum – a host or prey of P. oligandrum – coupled with electron microscopy, biochemical assays and transcriptomic analysis. The total VOCs produced by P. oligandrum reduced P. myriotylum growth by 80% and zoospore levels by 60%. GC-MS identified twenty-three VOCs, and methyl heptenone, D-limonene, 2-undecanone and 1-octanal were potent inhibitors of P. myriotylum growth and led to increased production of reactive oxygen species at a concentration that did not inhibit P. oligandrum growth. Exposure to the total VOCs of P. oligandrum led to shrinkage of P. myriotylum hyphae, and lysis of the cellular membranes and organelles. Transcriptomic analysis of P. myriotylum exposed to the P. oligandrum VOCs at increasing levels of growth inhibition showed initially a strong upregulation of putative detoxification related genes that was not maintained later during exposure to the VOCs. The inhibition of P. myriotylum growth continued after the exposure to the VOCs was discontinued and led to reduced leaf lesion size during P. myriotylum infection of its plant host. The VOCs produced by P. oligandrum could be another factor alongside hydrolytic enzymes contributing to its ecological role as a microbial antagonist where the concentration of the VOCs may be inhibitory in particular ecological niches such as in soil. The VOCs analyzed here may also be contributing to the biocontrol of diseases using P. oligandrum commercial preparations.

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Oxidative Stress and Reduced Responsiveness of Challenged Circulating Leukocytes Following Pulmonary Instillation of Metal-Rich Particulate Matter in Rats

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