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Epigenomics of neural cells: REST-induced down- and up-regulation of gene expression in a two clone PC12 cell model.

ABSTRACT: Cell epigenomics depends on the marks released by transcription factors operating via the assembly of complexes that induce focal changes of DNA and histone structure. Among these factors is REST, a repressor that, via its strong decrease, governs both neuronal and neural cell differentiation and specificity. REST operation on thousands of possible genes can occur directly or via indirect mechanisms including repression of other factors. In previous studies of gene down- and up-regulation, processes had been only partially investigated in neural cells. PC12 are well known neural cells sharing properties with neurons. In the widely used PC12 populations, low-REST cells coexist with few, spontaneous high-REST PC12 cells. High- and low-REST PC12 clones were employed to investigate the role and the mechanisms of the repressor action. Among 15,500 expressed genes we identified 1,770 target and non-target, RESTdependent genes. Functionally, these genes were found to operate in many pathways, from synaptic function to extracellular matrix. Mechanistically, downregulated genes were predominantly repressed directly by REST; up-regulated genes were mostly governed indirectly. Among other factors, Polycomb complexes cooperated with REST for down-regulation, Smad3 and Myod1 participated in up-regulation. In conclusion, we have highlighted that PC12 clones are a useful model to investigate REST, opening opportunities to development of epigenomic investigation.

ORGANISM(S): Rattus norvegicus

PROVIDER: GSE59946 | GEO | 2015/08/31

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA257108

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Epigenomics of neural cells: REST-induced down- and up-regulation of gene expression in a two clone PC12 cell model.

Project description:Cell epigenomics depends on the marks released by transcription factors operating via the assembly of complexes that induce focal changes of DNA and histone structure. Among these factors is REST, a repressor that, via its strong decrease, governs both neuronal and neural cell differentiation and specificity. REST operation on thousands of possible genes can occur directly or via indirect mechanisms including repression of other factors. In previous studies of gene down- and up-regulation, processes had been only partially investigated in neural cells. PC12 are well known neural cells sharing properties with neurons. In the widely used PC12 populations, low-REST cells coexist with few, spontaneous high-REST PC12 cells. High- and low-REST PC12 clones were employed to investigate the role and the mechanisms of the repressor action. Among 15,500 expressed genes we identified 1,770 target and non-target, RESTdependent genes. Functionally, these genes were found to operate in many pathways, from synaptic function to extracellular matrix. Mechanistically, downregulated genes were predominantly repressed directly by REST; up-regulated genes were mostly governed indirectly. Among other factors, Polycomb complexes cooperated with REST for down-regulation, Smad3 and Myod1 participated in up-regulation. In conclusion, we have highlighted that PC12 clones are a useful model to investigate REST, opening opportunities to development of epigenomic investigation. 4 samples have been analyzed: 2 replicates from wtPC12 clone and 2 replicates from the hrPC12 clones

2015-08-31 | E-GEOD-59946 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Expression data from E12.5 NSP cells, CTL v REST shRNA

Project description:REST is a master regulator of genes that are involved in the acqusition of neuronal fate. The role of REST is not well understood so we attempted to investigate the role of REST in the development of neural cells by analysing the genes that are upregulated when REST is knocked down via shRNA We used microarrays to assess the genes which were up and down regulated after REST is knocked down

2012-06-07 | GSE38538 | GEO

Expression data from E12.5 NSP cells, CTL v REST shRNA

2012-06-06 | E-GEOD-38538 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Mus musculus

Project description:REST–Mediated Recruitment of Polycomb Repressor Complexes in Mammalian Cells

| PRJNA208957 | ENA

Targeting of REST with rationally-designed small-molecule compounds exhibits synergetic therapeutic potential in human glioblastoma cells

Project description:To validate role of REST (RE-1 silencing transcription factor) in glioblastoma (GBM) growth, we used CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to generate REST-null single-cell clonal lines from GBM cell line (T98G) and non-neural HEK293 cells. We then performed gene expression profiling using data obtained from Tag-Seq of 8 cell lines: T98G CRISRP Control and 4 T98G REST-KO clones (C10, F7, G2, D4); HEK293 CRISPR Control and 2 HEK293 REST-KO clones (D10, E6).

2024-03-27 | GSE234912 | GEO

Effect of REST on cancer invasiveness in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis .

Project description:We report a negative correlation of invasiveness with REST expression. In addition, one alternatively spliced product (ASP) of REST, REST-003, shows a positive correlation with invasiveness. REST has a well-established role in regulating transcription of genes important for neuronal development. Its role in cancer, though significant, is less well understood. We would like to investigate the effect of REST on invasive phenotype. In order to do so, we downregulate REST by siRNA treatment in weakly invasive MCF-7 breast cancer cells in which REST is expressed highly: 1) si-GAPDH (control), two si-RESTs (2)si-REST_1 and 3) si-REST_2). Conversely, we overexpress REST by transfection of wt-REST cDNA in highly invasive MDA-MB-231 cells in which REST is expressed at the low level: 4) EGFP (control), 5) mt-REST (another control) and 6) wt-REST. REST (repressor element-1 (RE-1) silencing transcription factor) contains a DNA-binding domain that is localized within eight zinc fingers and two repressor domains located at the N-terminal and C-terminal, respectively. REST suppresses expression of neural-specific genes. mt-REST lacks two repressor domains, so it can be used as a control for wt-REST. In contrast, REST-003 is one of alternatively spliced products (ASPs) of REST.

2014-12-01 | GSE63608 | GEO

Rattus norvegicus

Project description:Epigenomics of neural cells: REST-induced down- and up-regulation of gene expression in a two clone PC12 cell model.

| PRJNA257108 | ENA

ATRX mutant neuroblastoma is sensitive to EZH2 inhibition via modulation of neuronal differentiation

Project description:We report on the characterization of ATRX in-frame fusion neuroblastoma and identify that ATRX IFF proteins re-locate from H3K9me3 enriched regions to active chromatin, such as the promoter of neural repressor REST. We further identify that REST is upregulated in ATRX IFF NB and that several neurogenesis and REST target genes are transcriptionally downregulated. Through ChIP-seq analysis, we observe that REST is bound to ATRX IFF Down genes, which have higher levels of H3K27me3. We further show that ATRX in-frame fusion neuroblastoma cells are sensitive to EZH2 inhibitors through de-repression of H3K27me3 bound neuronal function genes, includiing a subset of REST targets.

2019-10-15 | GSE100148 | GEO

Mechanism of REST/NRSF Regulation of Clustered Protocadherin Alpha Genes

Project description:Repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor (REST) or neuron-restrictive silencer factor (NRSF) is a zinc-finger (ZF) containing transcriptional repressor that recognizes thousands of neuron-restrictive silencer elements (NRSEs) in mammalian genomes. How REST/NRSF regulates gene expression remains incompletely understood. Here, we investigate the binding pattern and regulation mechanism of REST/NRSF in the clustered protocadherin (PCDH) genes. We find that REST/NRSF directionally forms base-specific interactions with NRSEs via tandem ZFs in an anti-parallel manner but with striking conformational changes. In addition, REST/NRSF recruitment to the HS5-1 enhancer leads to the decrease of long-range enhancer-promoter interactions and downregulation of the clustered PCDH alpha genes. Thus, REST/NRSF represses PCDH alpha gene expression through directional binding to a repertoire of NRSEs within the distal enhancer and variable target genes.

2021-04-14 | GSE150254 | GEO

C-terminal Domain Small Phosphatase 1 and MAP kinase reciprocally control REST stability and neuronal differentiation.

Project description:The RE1 Silencing Transcription Factor (REST) in stem cells represses hundreds of genes essential to neuronal function. During neurogenesis, REST is degraded in neural progenitors to promote subsequent elaboration of a mature neuronal phenotype. Prior studies indicate that part of the degradation mechanism involves phosphorylation of two sites in the C-terminus of REST that require activity of the E3 ubiquitin ligase, bTrCP. We identify a new proline-directed phosphorylation motif, at Serines 861/864 upstream of these sites, which is a substrate for the Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans Isomerase, Pin1, as well as the ERK1/2 kinases. Mutation at S861/864 stabilizes REST, as does inhibition of Pin1 activity. Interestingly, we find that C-Terminal Domain Small Phosphatase1 (CTDSP1) is recruited by REST to neuronal genes, is present in REST immunocomplexes, dephosphorylates S861/864 and stabilizes REST. Expression of a REST peptide containing S861/864 in neural progenitors inhibits terminal neuronal differentiation. Together with previous work indicating that both REST and CTDSP1 are expressed to high levels in stem cells and down regulated during neurogenesis, our results suggest that CTDSP1 activity stabilizes REST in stem cells, and that ERK dependent phosphorylation combined with Pin1 activity promotes REST degradation in neural progenitors.

2014-09-15 | PXD001127 | Pride

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