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Gene expression profile of the Cmah gene depletion on mouse liver, lung, kidney and heart

ABSTRACT: N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) is generated by hydroxylation of CMP-Neu5Ac to CMP-Neu5Gc, catalyzed by CMP-Neu5Ac hydroxylase (CMAH). However, humans lack this common mammalian cell surface molecule, Neu5Gc, due to inactivation of the CMAH gene during evolution. CMAH is one of several human-specific genes whose function has been lost by disruption or deletion of the coding frame. It has been suggested that CMAH inactivation has resulted in biochemical or physiological characteristics that have resulted in human-specific diseases. To identify differential gene expression profiles associated with the loss of Neu5Gc expression, we performed microarray analysis using Illumina MouseRef-8 v2 Expression BeadChip, using the main tissues (liver, lung, kidney, and heart) from a control mouse and a Cmah-null mouse.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE59964 | GEO | 2014/08/01

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA257187

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Gene expression profile of the Cmah gene depletion on mouse liver, lung, kidney and heart

Project description:N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) is generated by hydroxylation of CMP-Neu5Ac to CMP-Neu5Gc, catalyzed by CMP-Neu5Ac hydroxylase (CMAH). However, humans lack this common mammalian cell surface molecule, Neu5Gc, due to inactivation of the CMAH gene during evolution. CMAH is one of several human-specific genes whose function has been lost by disruption or deletion of the coding frame. It has been suggested that CMAH inactivation has resulted in biochemical or physiological characteristics that have resulted in human-specific diseases. To identify differential gene expression profiles associated with the loss of Neu5Gc expression, we performed microarray analysis using Illumina MouseRef-8 v2 Expression BeadChip, using the main tissues (liver, lung, kidney, and heart) from a control mouse and a Cmah-null mouse. Total RNA was extracted and purified from the liver, lung, kidney, and heart of WT and Cmah-null mice using RNeasy columns (Qiagen; Valencia, CA, USA) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. The RNA quality was verified using an Agilent Bioanalyzer 2100 (Agilent Technologies; Palo Alto, CA, USA) using the RNA 6000 Pico Assay. Generation of double-stranded cDNA, preparation and labeling of cRNA, hybridization to Mouse Ref-8 v2.0 Expression BeadChip (Illumina, Inc.; San Diego, CA, USA), washing, and scanning were all performed according to the standard Illumina protocol. Arrays were scanned using the Illumina Bead Array Reader Confocal Scanner.

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Project description:A deletion in the CMAH gene in humans occurred approximately 3.5 million years ago. This resulted in the inactivation of the CMP-Neu5Ac hydroxylase enzyme, and hence, in the specific deficiency in N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), a form of sialic acid, in all modern humans. Although there is evidence that this molecular milestone in the origin of humans may have led to the evolution of human-specific pathogens, how deficiency in Neu5Gc might alter progression of non-infectious human diseases remains unanswered. Here, we have investigated cardiac and skeletal muscle gene expression changes in mdx mice, a model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), that do or do not carry the human-like inactivating mutation in the mouse Cmah gene. We have evidence that Neu5Gc-deficiency in humans might explain some of the discrepancies in the disease phenotype between mdx mice and DMD patients. The study had four groups of mice: 1) Wild type, 2) Cmah KO (mice carrying a human-like mutation in the Cmah gene and hence have human-like deficiency in Neu5Gc sialic acid), 3) mdx (mouse model for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy), and 4) mdx mice deficient in Cmah. Gene expression was studied in heart and gastrocnemius muscle samples. Three replicates per group/tissue.

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