High-resolution transcriptome analysis reveals neuropathic pain gene-expression signatures in spinal microglia after nerve injury
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE60670 | GEO | 2015/12/30
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA259218
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Neuropathic pain is a prevalent and debilitating chronic disease that is characterized by activation in glial cells in various pain-related regions within the central nervous system. Recent studies have suggested a sexually dimorphic role of microglia in the maintenance of neuropathic pain in rodents. Here, we utilized RNA sequencing analysis of microglia to identify whether there is a common neuropathic microglial signature and characterize the sex differences in microglia in pain-related regions in nerve injury and chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy mouse models. Whilst mechanical allodynia and behavioral changes were observed in all models, transcriptomic analysis of microglia revealed no common transcriptional changes in spinal and supraspinal regions and in different neuropathic models. However, there was a substantial change in microglial gene expression within the ipsilateral lumbar spinal cord 7-days after chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. Both sexes upregulated genes associated with inflammation, phagosome, and lysosome activation, though males revealed a prominent global transcriptional shift not observed in female mice. This study demonstrates a lack of a common neuropathic microglial signature and indicates distinct sex differences in spinal microglia, suggesting they contribute to the sex-specific pain processing following nerve injury.
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Project description:Neuroinflammation is a major component in the transition to and perpetuation of neuropathic pain states. Spinal neuroinflammation involves activation of TLR4, localized to enlarged, cholesterol-enriched lipid rafts, designated here as inflammarafts. Conditional deletion of cholesterol transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1 in microglia, leading to inflammaraft formation, induced tactile allodynia in naïve mice. The apoA-I binding protein (AIBP) facilitated cholesterol depletion from inflammarafts and reversed neuropathic pain in a model of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) in wild-type mice, but AIBP failed to reverse allodynia in mice with ABCA1/ABCG1-deficient microglia, suggesting a cholesterol-dependent mechanism. An AIBP mutant lacking the TLR4-binding domain did not bind microglia nor reversed CIPN allodynia. The long-lasting therapeutic effect of a single AIBP dose in CIPN was associated with anti-inflammatory and cholesterol metabolism reprogramming and reduced accumulation of lipid droplets in microglia. These results suggest a cholesterol-driven mechanism of regulation of neuropathic pain by controlling TLR4 inflammarafts and gene expression program in microglia and blocking the perpetuation of neuroinflammation.
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Project description:Expression profiling of L4 and L5 Dorsal Root Ganglion (DRG) in the spinal nerve ligation model of neuropathic pain. The goal of the study was to identify genes involved in neuropathic pain
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Project description:Peripheral nerve injury alters the expression of hundreds of proteins in dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Targeting some of these proteins has led to successful treatments for acute pain, but not for sustained postoperative neuropathic pain. The latter may require targeting multiple proteins. Since a single microRNA (miR) can affect the expression of multiple proteins, here, we describe an approach to identify chronic neuropathic pain-relevant miRs. We used two variants of the spared nerve injury (SNI): Sural-SNI and Tibial-SNI and found distinct pain phenotypes between the two. Both models induced strong mechanical allodynia, but only Sural-SNI rats maintained strong mechanical and cold allodynia, as previously reported. In contrast, we found that Tibial-SNI rats recovered from mechanical allodynia and never developed cold allodynia. Since both models involve nerve injury, we increased the probability of identifying differentially regulated miRs that correlated with the quality and magnitude of neuropathic pain and decreased the probability of detecting miRs that are solely involved in neuronal regeneration. We found seven such miRs in L3-L5 DRG. The expression of these miRs increased in Tibial-SNI. These miRs displayed a lower level of expression in Sural-SNI, with four having levels lower than those in sham animals. Bioinformatics analysis of how these miRs could affect the expression of some ion channels supports the view that, following a peripheral nerve injury, the increase of the 7 miRs may contribute to the recovery from neuropathic pain while the decrease of four of them may contribute to the development of chronic neuropathic pain. The approach used resulted in the identification of a small number of potentially neuropathic pain relevant miRs. Additional studies are required to investigate whether manipulating the expression of the identified miRs in primary sensory neurons can prevent or ameliorate chronic neuropathic pain following peripheral nerve injuries. To identify the miRs that were differentially dysregulated between Tibial-SNI and Sural-SNI, we first performed 12 microarrays in a limited number of samples (in four individual DRGs per group: Sham, Tibial-SNI and Sural-SNI; two L3-DRG and two L4-DRG). Then, miRs identified as having differential expression were corroborated with real time qRT-PCR in RNA isolated from individual DRGs (L3, L4 and L5) derived from 4 rats per group (not presented here, but in the manuscript).
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Project description:Expression profiling of L4 and L5 Dorsal Root Ganglion (DRG) in the spinal nerve ligation model of neuropathic pain. The goal of the study was to identify genes involved in neuropathic pain This series of samples comprises of contralateral and ipsilateral L4 and L5 DRG tissue collected 4 weeks after rats underwent a L5 spinal nerve ligation (SNL) or a sham operation with no L5 spinal nerve ligation. This defines 8 groups (i) contralateral L4 DRG from the sham cohort (n=5), (ii) ipsilateral L4 DRG from sham cohort (n=5), (iii) contralateral L4 DRG from SNL cohort (n=5), (iv) ipsilateral L4 DRG from the SNL chort (n=5), (v) contralateral L5 DRG from the sham cohort (n=5), (vi) ipsilateral L5 DRG from sham cohort (n=5), (vii) contralateral L5 DRG from SNL cohort (n=5), (viii) ipsilateral L5 DRG from the SNL cohort (n=5)
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Project description:Activation of microglia in the spinal cord following peripheral nerve injury is critical for the development of long-lasting pain hypersensitivity. However, it remains unknown whether distinct microglia subpopulations or states contribute to different stages of pain development and maintenance. Here, we demonstrate, using single-cell RNA-sequencing, that microglia transcriptional states differ at early and late time points following nerve injury. Male microglia show more proliferation and distinct transcriptional changes in response to nerve injury comparing to females. Apolipoprotein E (Apoe) was the top upregulated gene in microglia at chronic time points after nerve injury in mice and polymorphisms in the APOE in humans are associated with chronic pain. Single-cell analysis of human spinal cord microglia reveals a subpopulation with a disease-related transcriptional signature. Our data provide a detailed analysis of transcriptional states of mouse and human spinal cord microglia and identify a previously unrecognized role for ApoE in neuropathic pain.
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Project description:Neuropathic pain is a refractory condition that involves de novo protein synthesis in the nociceptive pathway. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a master regulator of protein synthesis; however, mechanisms underlying its role in neuropathic pain remain elusive. Using spared nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain model, we found mTOR activation in large-diameter dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and spinal microglia. However, selective ablation of mTOR in DRG neurons, rather than microglia, alleviated neuropathic pain. Combining transcriptomic profiling, electrophysiological recording and pharmacologic manipulations, we demonstrated that activated mTOR promoted neuropeptide Y (NPY) induction in mechanoreceptors and that NPY acted on Y2 receptors (Y2R) but not Y1R to enhance nociceptor excitability. Peripheral replenishment of NPY reversed pain alleviation upon mTOR removal, whereas Y2R antagonists prevented its function. Our findings reveal an unexpected link between mTOR and NPY in promoting nociceptor sensitization and neuropathic pain, through NPY/Y2R signaling-mediated intra-ganglionic transmission.
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Project description:Intractable neuropathic pain is recognized as a common symptom of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). However, the underlying mechanism of NMOSD pain remains to be elucidated. Here, we established NMOSD pain model by injecting anti-AQP4 recombinant autoantibodies (AQP4-Ab) generated from NMOSD patient’s plasmablasts into rat spinal cords and confirmed the development of mechanical allodynia. AQP4-Ab mediated extracellular ATP release from astrocytes and pharmacological inhibition of ATP receptor reversed mechanical allodynia in NMOSD pain model. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis revealed microglia activation and IL-1β elevation in NMOSD spinal cord. Inhibition of microglia activation and neutralization of IL-1β also attenuated neuropathic pain in NMOSD rat model. In addition, the human CSF ATP concentration was significantly higher in the acute and remission phase of NMOSD than in multiple sclerosis and other neurological disorder patients. These findings indicate ATP, microglial activation and IL-1β secretion orchestrates the pathogenesis of NMOSD neuropathic pain.
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Project description:Neuropathic pain is a troublesome pathological condition without suitable treatments. In this study, we performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis to reveal transcriptomic profiles of spinal cord from chronic constriction injury (CCI) rats.
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Project description:Peripheral nerve injury alters the expression of hundreds of proteins in dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Targeting some of these proteins has led to successful treatments for acute pain, but not for sustained postoperative neuropathic pain. The latter may require targeting multiple proteins. Since a single microRNA (miR) can affect the expression of multiple proteins, here, we describe an approach to identify chronic neuropathic pain-relevant miRs. We used two variants of the spared nerve injury (SNI): Sural-SNI and Tibial-SNI and found distinct pain phenotypes between the two. Both models induced strong mechanical allodynia, but only Sural-SNI rats maintained strong mechanical and cold allodynia, as previously reported. In contrast, we found that Tibial-SNI rats recovered from mechanical allodynia and never developed cold allodynia. Since both models involve nerve injury, we increased the probability of identifying differentially regulated miRs that correlated with the quality and magnitude of neuropathic pain and decreased the probability of detecting miRs that are solely involved in neuronal regeneration. We found seven such miRs in L3-L5 DRG. The expression of these miRs increased in Tibial-SNI. These miRs displayed a lower level of expression in Sural-SNI, with four having levels lower than those in sham animals. Bioinformatics analysis of how these miRs could affect the expression of some ion channels supports the view that, following a peripheral nerve injury, the increase of the 7 miRs may contribute to the recovery from neuropathic pain while the decrease of four of them may contribute to the development of chronic neuropathic pain. The approach used resulted in the identification of a small number of potentially neuropathic pain relevant miRs. Additional studies are required to investigate whether manipulating the expression of the identified miRs in primary sensory neurons can prevent or ameliorate chronic neuropathic pain following peripheral nerve injuries.
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