Transcriptional profiling of grizzly bear skeletal muscle before and during hibernation
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Ursus arctos
PROVIDER: GSE63864 | GEO | 2019/12/31
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Muscle atrophy is one of the main deleterious consequences of ageing and physical inactivity. Although basic knowledge regarding the underlying mechanisms of muscle atrophy is continuously growing, there are still no efficient therapeutic strategies for its prevention and treatment. Hibernating bears exhibit a strong and unique ability to preserve muscle mass in conditions where muscle atrophy is observed in humans. However, underlying mechanisms have not been understood yet. To fill this gap, the aim of this study was to characterize changes in the bear muscle proteome during hibernation versus the active period. Muscle biopsies were obtained from Ursus arctos bears.
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Project description:Mammalian hibernation is a strategy employed by many species to survive fluctuations in resource availability and environmental conditions. Hibernating mammals endure conditions of dramatically depressed heart rate, body temperature, and oxygen consumption; yet show no typical pathological response. Because of the high abundance and metabolic cost of skeletal muscle, not only must it adjust to the constraints of hibernation, but is positioned to play a more active role in the initiation and maintenance of the hibernation phenotype. In this study, MS/MS proteomic data were searched against a custom database of transcriptomic and genomic protein predictions built using the platform GalaxyP. This proteogenomic approach allows for a thorough investigation of skeletal muscle protein expression throughout the circannual cycle of the 13-lined ground squirrel. Of the 1,563 proteins identified by these methods, 232 were differentially expressed. Not only do these data support previously reported physiological transitions, they also offer insight into specific mechanisms of how their muscles might be reducing nitrogenous waste, preserving mass and function, and signaling to other tissues. Additionally, the combination of proteomic and transcriptomic data provides unique opportunities for determining the level of post-transcriptional regulation throughout the year and improving the genomic annotation of this non-model organism.
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Project description:Differential gene expression in a wide range of tissues including brown adipose tissue (BAT), liver, heart, hypothalamus, and skeletal muscle in hibernating arctic ground squirrels during multiple stages in torpor-arousal cycles compared to non-hibernating (post-reproductive) animals with illumina beadarray technology. Arctic Ground Squirrels were sampled at four stages of hibernation: early arousal denoted as EA (1-2 hrs after Tb cross 30¡C, n=4), late arousal denoted as LA (7-8 hrs after Tb cross 30¡C, n=4), early torpor denoted as ET (10-20% of torpid episode, n=4) and late torpor denoted as LT (80-90% of torpid episode, n=5), where Tb is the body temperature and the length of torpid episode is estimated from the previous torpor bout. Post-reproductive animals denoted as PR (n=7) were used as non-hibernating control. Five tissue types: brown adipose tissue (BAT), liver, heart, hypothalamus, and skeletal muscle were hybridized on two customized 700-gene beadarray platforms: 1A and 2A on 96-sample Illumina ArrayMatrix. The data of a pilot study involving brown adipose tissue (BAT), liver, and skeletal muscle on 16-sample Illumina BeadChip denoted as 16chip are also included in this series.
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Project description:We analyzed gene expression in the American black bear, Ursus americanus, using a custom 12,800 cDNA probe (BA02) microarray to detect differences in expression that occur in heart and liver during winter hibernation in comparison to summer active animals. We identified 245 genes in heart and 319 genes in liver that were differentially expressed between winter and summer. The expression of 24 genes was significantly elevated during hibernation in both heart and liver. These genes are mostly involved in lipid catabolism and protein biosynthesis and include RNA binding protein motif 3 (Rbm3), which enhances protein synthesis at mildly hypothermic temperatures. Elevated expression of protein biosynthesis genes suggests induction of translation that may be related to adaptive mechanisms reducing cardiac and muscle atrophies over extended periods of low metabolism and immobility during hibernation in bears. Coordinated reduction of transcription of genes involved in amino acid catabolism suggests redirection of amino acids from catabolic pathways to protein biosynthesis. We identify common for black bears and small mammalian hibernators transcriptional changes in the liver that include induction of genes responsible for fatty acid β oxidation and carbohydrate synthesis and depression of genes involved in lipid biosynthesis, carbohydrate catabolism, cellular respiration and detoxification pathways. Our findings show that modulation of gene expression during winter hibernation represents molecular mechanism of adaptation to extreme environments. Black bears sampled during winter hibernation were compared with the animals sampled during summer. Two tissue types, liver and heart, were hybridized on a custom 12,800 cDNA probe nylon membrane microarray platform . Six hibernating and five summer active bears were studied in experiments with liver tissue, six hibernating and five summer active animals were tested with heart tissue.
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