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Methylation of H3K9 by G9a/GLP protects against pathological cardiac hypertrophy

ABSTRACT: The heart adapts to increased workload through hypertrophic growth of cardiomyocytes. Although beneficial when induced physiologically by exercise, pathological cues including hypertension cause reexpression of fetal genes and dysfunctional hypertrophy, with lasting consequences for cardiac health. We hypothesised that these differences are driven by changes in chromatin-encoded cellular memory. We generated genome-wide maps of transcription and of two stable epigenetic marks, H3K9me2 and H3K27me3, specifically in hypertrophied cardiomyocytes, by selectively flow-sorting their nuclei. This demonstrated a pervasive loss of euchromatic H3K9me2 specifically upon pathological but not physiological hypertrophy, derepressing genes associated with pathological hypertrophy. Levels of the H3K9 methyltransferases, G9a and GLP, were correspondingly reduced. Importantly, pharmacological or genetic inactivation of these enzymes was sufficient to induce pathological hypertrophy and the dedifferentiation associated with it. These findings suggest novel therapeutic opportunities by defining an epigenetic state of cardiomyocytes, acquired during maturation, which is required for maintaining cardiac health.

ORGANISM(S): Rattus norvegicus

PROVIDER: GSE66653 | GEO | 2016/12/05

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA277628

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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miRNA-99 family diverges physiological cardiac hypertrophy to pathological cardiac hypertrophy

Project description:Purpose: The physiological cardiac hypertrophy is an adaptive condition that does not associate with myocyte cell death while pathological hypertrophy is a maladaptive condition associated with myocyte cell death. Alpha-2 macroglobulin (Î±-2M) an acute phase protein induces cardiac hypertrophy via the ERK1,2 and PI3K/Akt signaling. This study is aimed at exploring the miRNome of Î±-2M induced hypertrophied cardiomyocytes and to understand the role of miRNAs in determination of pathological and physiological hypertrophy. Methods: Hypertrophy was induced in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts using alpha-2 macroglobulin. The induction of hypertrophy is confirmed by microscopy and gene expression studies. Subsequently, the total RNA was isolated and small RNA sequencing was executed in Illumina HiSeq 2000. Results: Analysis of small RNA reads revealed the differential expression of a large set of miRNAs during hypertrophy. Among the differentially expressed candidates, miR-99 family (miR-99a, miR-99b and miR-100) showed significant downregulation upon Î±-2M treatment while isoproterenol treatment (pathological hypertrophy) upregulated their expression. The binding site for Egr1 transcription factor was identified in the promoter region of miR-99 family, and interestingly all miRNAs with Egr1 binding site proven by ChIP-Seq were downregulated during physiological hypertrophy Conclusions: The results proved Egr-1 mediated regulation of miR-99 family determines the uniqueness of pathological and physiological hypertrophy. Upregulated miR-99 expression during pathological hypertrophy suggests that it can be a valuable diagnostic marker and potential therapeutic target for cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Small RNA profiles of control and hypertrophied cardiomyocyte H9c2 cells were generated by deep sequencing using Illumina HiSeq 2000

2015-11-01 | E-GEOD-73597 | biostudies-arrayexpress

The atlas of the human hypertrophied heart reveals impaired cell communication

Project description:Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is a leading cause of heart failure. The understanding of disease mechanisms is primarily based on experimental models, but knowledge of the full repertoire of cardiac cells and their gene expression profiles in the human heart is missing. Here, using large-scale single-nucleus transcriptomes, we highlight the transcriptional response of cardiomyocytes to pressure overload in humans with stenosis of the aortic valve and disclose major alterations in cellular cross-talk. Cardiomyocytes showed a reduction of incoming connections with endothelial cells and fibroblasts. Particularly Eph receptor tyrosine kinases, including the predominant EPHB1 gene, were significantly down-regulated in cardiomyocytes of the hypertrophied heart. We compared 5 AS patients to healthy patients from the human heart cell ATLAS (https://www.heartcellatlas.org). This repository contains the processed files from the single nuclei RNA-SEQ.

2021-12-06 | E-MTAB-11268 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Cardiac perilipin 5 promotes physiological cardioprotective hypertrophy through increased calcium handling and cardiomyocyte contractility

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2023-01-20 | PXD035121 | Pride

Transcription profiling of hearts from mice heterozygous for Gata4 mutation (G4D) to investigate the significance of Gata4 in regulating postnatal heart function and in regulating the hypertrophic response of the heart to pathological stress.

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2007-11-13 | E-GEOD-5500 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy trigger proteome remodeling of mouse cardiomyocytes

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2020-05-27 | PXD013020 | Pride

miRNA-99 family diverges physiological cardiac hypertrophy to pathological cardiac hypertrophy

Project description:Purpose: The physiological cardiac hypertrophy is an adaptive condition that does not associate with myocyte cell death while pathological hypertrophy is a maladaptive condition associated with myocyte cell death. Alpha-2 macroglobulin (α-2M) an acute phase protein induces cardiac hypertrophy via the ERK1,2 and PI3K/Akt signaling. This study is aimed at exploring the miRNome of α-2M induced hypertrophied cardiomyocytes and to understand the role of miRNAs in determination of pathological and physiological hypertrophy. Methods: Hypertrophy was induced in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts using alpha-2 macroglobulin. The induction of hypertrophy is confirmed by microscopy and gene expression studies. Subsequently, the total RNA was isolated and small RNA sequencing was executed in Illumina HiSeq 2000. Results: Analysis of small RNA reads revealed the differential expression of a large set of miRNAs during hypertrophy. Among the differentially expressed candidates, miR-99 family (miR-99a, miR-99b and miR-100) showed significant downregulation upon α-2M treatment while isoproterenol treatment (pathological hypertrophy) upregulated their expression. The binding site for Egr1 transcription factor was identified in the promoter region of miR-99 family, and interestingly all miRNAs with Egr1 binding site proven by ChIP-Seq were downregulated during physiological hypertrophy Conclusions: The results proved Egr-1 mediated regulation of miR-99 family determines the uniqueness of pathological and physiological hypertrophy. Upregulated miR-99 expression during pathological hypertrophy suggests that it can be a valuable diagnostic marker and potential therapeutic target for cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.

2015-11-01 | GSE73597 | GEO

Gata4 is required for postnatal cardiac function and protection from pressure overload-induced heart failure

Project description:An important event in the pathogenesis of heart failure is the development of pathological cardiac hypertrophy. In cultured cardiac cardiomyocytes, the transcription factor Gata4 is required for agonist-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. We hypothesized that in the intact organism Gata4 is an important regulator of postnatal heart function and of the hypertrophic response of the heart to pathological stress. To test this hypothesis, we studied mice heterozygous for deletion of the second exon of Gata4 (G4D). At baseline, G4D mice had mild systolic and diastolic dysfunction associated with reduced heart weight and decreased cardiomyocyte number. After transverse aortic constriction (TAC), G4D mice developed overt heart failure and eccentric cardiac hypertrophy, associated with significantly increased fibrosis and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Inhibition of apoptosis by overexpression of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor prevented TAC-induced heart failure in G4D mice. Unlike WT-TAC controls, G4D-TAC cardiomyocytes hypertrophied by increasing in length more than width. Gene expression profiling revealed upregulation of genes associated with apoptosis and fibrosis, including members of the TGF? pathway. Our data demonstrate that Gata4 is essential for cardiac function in the postnatal heart. After pressure overload, Gata4 regulates the pattern of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and protects the heart from load-induced failure. Keywords: genetic modification, pressure overload stress response

2006-08-12 | GSE5500 | GEO

The AP-1 Transcription Factor c-Jun Prevents Stress-Imposed Maladaptive Remodeling of the Heart

Project description:Systemic hypertension increases cardiac workload and subsequently induces signaling networks in heart that underlie myocyte growth (hypertrophic response) through expansion of sarcomeres with the aim to increase contractility. However, conditions of increased workload can induce both adaptive and maladaptive growth of heart muscle. Previous studies implicate two members of the AP-1 transcription factor family, junD and fra-1, in regulation of heart growth during hypertrophic response. In this study, we investigate the function of the AP-1 transcription factors, c-jun and c-fos, in heart growth. Using pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy in mice and targeted deletion of Jun or Fos in cardiomyocytes, we show that c-jun is required for adaptive cardiac hyphertrophy, while c-fos is dispensable in this context. c-jun promotes expression of sarcomere proteins and suppresses expression of extracellular matrix proteins. Capacity of cardiac muscle to contract depends on organization of principal thick and thin filaments, myosin and actin, within the sarcomere. In line with decreased expression of sarcomere-associated proteins, Jun-deficient cardiomyocytes present disarrangement of filaments in sarcomeres and actin cytoskeleton disorganization. Moreover, Jun-deficient hearts subjected to pressure overload display pronounced fibrosis and increased myocyte apoptosis finally resulting in dilated cardiomyopathy. In conclusion, c-jun but not c-fos is required to induce a transcriptional program aimed at adapting heart growth upon increased workload. Microarrays were used to identify specific genes that might be globally affected in the absence of c-jun in cardiomyocytes. Total RNA was extracted from the hearts of 10 weeks old Junf/f (n=2) and Jun delta mu (n=2) mice using TRIzol Reagent.

2013-09-19 | E-GEOD-47898 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Expression profiling of small, noncoding RNAs in physiologically hypertrophied rat hearts

Project description:Purpose: Different studies revealed the importance of microRNAs (miRNAs) in pathological hypertrophy but their role during physiological hypertrophy is largely unexplored. Hence, this study is aimed at revealing the global expression profile of miRNAs during physiological cardiac hypertrophy. Methods: Chronic swimming protocol continuously for eight weeks resulted in induction of physiological hypertrophy in rats and histopathology revealed the absence of tissue damage, apoptosis or fibrosis. Subsequently, the total RNA was isolated and small RNA sequencing was executed in Illumina HiSeq 2000. Results: Analysis of small RNA reads revealed the differential expression of a large set of miRNAs during physiological hypertrophy. The expression profile of the significantly differentially expressed miRNAs were validated by qPCR. Conclusions: This is the first report to reveal the involvement of a large number of apoptotic miRNAs during physiological cardiac hypertrophy including the previously unknown cardiac players like miR-99, miR-100, miR-191, miR-181 and miR-19. Our data indicates that regulation of these apoptotic miRNAs can be one of the major key factor in determining pathological or physiological hypertrophy by controlling apoptosis, fibrosis and cell death mechanisms. Heart small RNA profiles of 16-week old control and physiologically hypertrophied wistar rat were generated by deep sequencing using Illumina HiSeq 2000

2015-10-31 | E-GEOD-62883 | biostudies-arrayexpress

USP25 Ameliorates Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy by Stabilizing SERCA2a in Cardiomyocytes

Project description:Pathological cardiac hypertrophy can lead to heart failure and is one of the leading causes of death globally. Understanding the molecular mechanism of pathological cardiac hypertrophy will contribute to the treatment of heart failure. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) are essential to cardiac pathophysiology by precisely controlling protein function, localization, and degradation.This study set out to investigate the role of a DUB, USP25, in pathological cardiac hypertrophy, reveal its molecular mechanism, and hopefully provide a new therapeutic target for heart failure.We revealed increased protein level of USP25 expression in the cardiomyocytes in response to Ang II stimulation. USP25 deficiency aggravated cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction under Ang II and TAC treatment. Mechanistically, LC-MS/MS analysis combined with Co-IP was used to identify SERCA2a, an anti-hypertrophy protein, as an interacting protein of USP25. Also, our data showed that USP25 bound to SERCA2a directly via its USP domain and cysteine at position 178 of USP25 exerts deubiquitination to maintain the stability of the SERCA2a protein by removing the K48 ubiquitin chain and preventing proteasomal pathway degradation, thereby maintaining calcium content in cardiomyocytes. Moreover, restoration of USP25 expression via with AAV9 vectors in USP25-/- mice attenuated Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction, whereas SERCA2a myocardial overexpression could offset the effect of USP25.

2023-03-01 | GSE221396 | GEO

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