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Bias in ligation-based small RNA sequencing library construction is determined by adaptor and RNA structure

ABSTRACT: High-throughput sequencing (HTS) has become a powerful tool for the detection of and sequence characterization of microRNAs (miRNA) and other small RNAs (sRNA). Unfortunately, the use of HTS data to determine the relative quantity of different miRNAs in a sample has been shown to be inconsistent with quantitative PCR and Northern Blot results. Several recent studies have concluded that the major contributor to this inconsistency is bias introduced during the construction of sRNA libraries for HTS and that the bias is primarily derived from the adaptor ligation steps; specifically where single stranded adaptors are sequentially ligated to the 3' and 5'-end of sRNAs using T4 RNA ligases. In this study we investigated the effects of ligation bias by using a pool of randomized ligation substrates, defined mixtures of miRNA sequences and several combinations of adaptors in HTS library construction. We show that like the 3' adaptor ligation step, the 5' adaptor ligation is also biased, not because of primary sequence, but instead due to secondary structures of the two ligation substrates. We find that multiple secondary structural factors influence final representation in HTS results. Our results provide insight about the nature of ligation bias and allowed us to design adaptors that reduce ligation bias and produce HTS results that more accurately reflect the actual concentrations of miRNAs in the defined starting material.

ORGANISM(S): synthetic construct

PROVIDER: GSE67053 | GEO | 2015/05/15

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA278810

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Bias in ligation-based small RNA sequencing library construction is determined by adaptor and RNA structure

Project description:High-throughput sequencing (HTS) has become a powerful tool for the detection of and sequence characterization of microRNAs (miRNA) and other small RNAs (sRNA). Unfortunately, the use of HTS data to determine the relative quantity of different miRNAs in a sample has been shown to be inconsistent with quantitative PCR and Northern Blot results. Several recent studies have concluded that the major contributor to this inconsistency is bias introduced during the construction of sRNA libraries for HTS and that the bias is primarily derived from the adaptor ligation steps; specifically where single stranded adaptors are sequentially ligated to the 3' and 5'-end of sRNAs using T4 RNA ligases. In this study we investigated the effects of ligation bias by using a pool of randomized ligation substrates, defined mixtures of miRNA sequences and several combinations of adaptors in HTS library construction. We show that like the 3' adaptor ligation step, the 5' adaptor ligation is also biased, not because of primary sequence, but instead due to secondary structures of the two ligation substrates. We find that multiple secondary structural factors influence final representation in HTS results. Our results provide insight about the nature of ligation bias and allowed us to design adaptors that reduce ligation bias and produce HTS results that more accurately reflect the actual concentrations of miRNAs in the defined starting material. 28 samples were sequenced and the libraries were made using various synthetic oligo mixtures and adaptor combinations

2015-05-15 | E-GEOD-67053 | biostudies-arrayexpress

synthetic construct

Project description:Bias in ligation-based small RNA sequencing library construction is determined by adaptor and RNA structure

| PRJNA278810 | ENA

Evaluating bias-reducing protocols for RNA sequencing library preparation

Project description:The ligation step in RNA sequencing library generation is a known source of bias. We present the first comparison of the standard duplex adaptor protocol supplied by Life Technologies for use on the Ion Torrent PGM with an alternate single adaptor approach involving CircLigase (CircLig). We also investigate whether using the thermostable ligase Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum RNA ligase K97A (Mth K97A) for the initial ligation step in the CircLigase protocol reduces bias. A pool of small RNA fragments of known composition was converted into a sequencing library using one of three protocols and sequenced on an Ion Torrent PGM. The single adaptor CircLigase-based approach significantly reduces, but does not eliminate, bias in Ion Torrent data. Using Mth K97A as part of the CircLig method does not further reduce bias.

2014-06-24 | E-MTAB-2566 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Comparison of mRNA-seq quantification from libraries obtained using either HD or standard Illumina adapters in A thaliana, in wildtype and DCL1 mutants

Project description:One method of directional cloning of fragmented mRNA is based on single strand RNA ligation, for which ligation bias occurrs if the adapters have single sequences. The sequencing bias affects the mRNA quantification and subsequently the differential expression analysis. High definition (HD) adapters [Sorefan et al 2012, Xu et al 2015] can be used to diminish the cloning bias during library construction. HD adapters and standard illumina adapters were used to construct mRNA-seq libraries for a side by side comparison.

2019-10-01 | GSE102510 | GEO

Method Study

Project description:High-throughput sequencing (HTS) of antibody amplicon libraries has become a powerful method in the emerging field of systems immunology. However, numerous sources of bias in HTS workflows may affect antibody repertoire data. A crucial step in antibody amplicon library preparation is the addition of adapter sequences, which are platform-specific short nucleotide sequences. In addition to conventional ligation-based adapter addition, it is also possible to use PCR-based methods such as Direct Addition (one-step adapter addition, DA) and Primer Extension (two-step adapter addition, PE), which have led to the lack of a consensus method and uncertainty regarding the impact of adapter addition on repertoire HTS data. Therefore, we compared all three methods by performing HTS with the Illumina MiSeq platform using total RNA originating from mouse antibody-secreting cells. We used technical replicate-based validation and clonal overlap and rank statistics to demonstrate that the two PCR-based methods produced HTS repertoires equivalent to ligation. Specifically: Nine BALB/c mice (8-10 weeks old, Charles River, specific-pathogen free) were immunized with 50 ug alum-precipitated chicken gamma globulin (CGG) conjugated to 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetyl (NP, NP-CGG, BioCat). Mice were sacrificed 14 days post-immunization (dpi) and their spleens and bone marrow (from femurs and tibia) were harvested. Antibody-secreting CD138-positive cells were enriched from spleen and bone marrow 14 dpi as previously described (Reddy, 2010, Nat Biotech).

2014-02-20 | E-MTAB-2226 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Bias-minimized quantification of microRNA reveals widespread alternative processing and 3′ end modification

Project description:MicroRNAs (miRNAs) modulate diverse biological and pathological processes via post-transcriptional gene silencing. High-throughput small RNA sequencing (sRNA-seq) has been widely adopted to investigate the functions and regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs. However, accurate quantification of miRNAs has been limited owing to the severe ligation bias in conventional sRNA-seq methods. Here we quantify miRNAs and their variants (known as isomiRs) by an improved sRNA-seq protocol, termed AQ-seq (accurate quantification by sequencing), that utilizes adapters with terminal degenerate sequences and a high concentration of polyethylene glycol (PEG), which minimize the ligation bias during library preparation. Measurement using AQ-seq allows us to correct the previously misannotated 5′ end usage and strand preference in public databases. Importantly, the analysis of 5′ terminal heterogeneity reveals widespread alternative processing events which have been underestimated. We also identify highly uridylated miRNAs originating from the 3p strands, indicating regulations mediated by terminal uridylyl transferases at the pre-miRNA stage. Taken together, our study reveals the complexity of the miRNA isoform landscape, allowing us to refine miRNA annotation and to advance our understanding of miRNA regulation. Furthermore, AQ-seq can be adopted to improve other ligation-based sequencing methods including crosslinking-immunoprecipitation-sequencing (CLIP-seq) and ribosome profiling (Ribo-seq).

2018-12-12 | GSE123627 | GEO

Molecular basis for substrate recruitment to the PRMT5 methylosome

Project description:PRMT5 is an essential arginine methyltransferase and a therapeutic target in MTAP null cancers. PRMT5 utilizes adaptor proteins for substrate recruitment through a previously undefined mechanism. Here, we identify an evolutionarily conserved peptide sequence shared among the three known substrate adaptors (CLNS1A, RIOK1 and COPR5) and show it is necessary and sufficient for interaction with PRMT5. We demonstrate that PRMT5 uses modular adaptor proteins containing a common binding motif for substrate recruitment, comparable to other enzyme classes such as kinases and E3 ligases. We structurally resolve the interface with PRMT5 and show via genetic perturbation that it is required for methylation of adaptor-recruited substrates including the spliceosome, histones, and ribosome assembly complexes. Further, disruption of this site affects Sm spliceosome stability and activity, leading to intron retention. Genetic disruption of the PRMT5-substrate adaptor interface leads to a hypomorphic decrease in growth of MTAP null tumor cells in vitro and in vivo, and is thus a novel site for development of therapeutic inhibitors of PRMT5.

2021-06-12 | GSE177036 | GEO

VCP–adaptor interactions are exceptionally dynamic and subject to differential modulation by a VCP inhibitor

Project description:In this study we use a combination of mass spectrometry-based proteomics and biophysical studies to characterize the interaction of adaptors with VCP. Our results reveal that most VCP–adaptor interactions are characterized by exceptionally rapid dynamics that in some cases are modulated by the VCP inhibitor NMS873. These findings have significant implications for both the regulation of VCP function and the impact of VCP inhibition on different VCP–adaptor complexes.

2016-07-18 | PXD004105 | Pride

Transcriptome analysis of one aneuploid Cryptococcus neoformans strain

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2022-10-22 | E-MTAB-12275 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Comparison of murine colonic mucosal DNA from postnatal day 90 (P90) to postnatal day 30 (P30) by MSAM

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2009-09-30 | GSE18031 | GEO

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