Dataset Information

Kaposi’s Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus Reactivation by Bacteria Promotes the Hypoxia Response and Epigenetic Regulation

ABSTRACT: Herpesviruses are frequently co-present with bacterial infection at multiple sites within the body, including the mouth, gut, and genitourinary tract. The detection of replicating virus in these compartments prompted investigation into the relationship between bacterial infection and Kaposi’s Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus (KSHV) reactivation. Using a cell line latently infected with KSHV, we examined the ability of crude spent media containing metabolic products from periodontal and gut pathogens to reactivate KSHV. Upon incubation with crude spent media, KSHV was reactivated and we detected the up-regulation of viral early and late genes, linear viral genomes, and virions. Furthermore, KSHV reactivation was associated with global increases in histone H3 and histone H4 acetylation, consistent with viral expression. To explore the transcriptional consequences of spent media, we compared the gene expression changes following reactivation by P. gingivalis spent medium to those of two well-established pharmacological activators of KSHV reactivation, tetradecanolyl phorbol acetate and sodium butyrate. Microarray analyses revealed a unique gene expression signature with P. gingivalis-associated reactivation. Concurrent with KSHV reactivation, P. gingivalis spent medium increased the hypoxia response. Hypoxia was associated with effects on epigenetic regulators, including down-regulation of UHRF1, a modulator of DNA methylation. Our findings demonstrate that products secreted by oral bacteria not only stimulate a hypoxia response, but also result in global changes in epigenetic modifications and modifiers. These findings suggest that epigenetic changes induced by P. gingivalis underlie the KSHV reactivation pathway.

ORGANISM(S): human papillomavirus 72 Human alphaherpesvirus 2 Human betaherpesvirus 7 Human gammaherpesvirus 8 Simian-Human immunodeficiency virus Human alphaherpesvirus 1 Human alphaherpesvirus 3 Homo sapiens Human betaherpesvirus 6 Cucumber mosaic virus

PROVIDER: GSE67532 | GEO | 2018/03/20

REPOSITORIES: GEO

ACCESS DATA

Similar Datasets

Project description:Enhancers play indispensable roles in cell proliferation and survival through spatiotemporally regulating gene transcription. In addition, active enhancers and super-enhancers often produce noncoding enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) that precisely control RNA polymerase II activity. Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a human oncogenic gamma-2 herpesvirus that causes Kaposi’s sarcoma and lymphoproliferative diseases of B-cell origin such as primary effusion lymphoma (PEL). It is well characterized that KSHV utilizes host epigenetic and nuclear machineries to control the switch between two life cycles, latency and lytic replication. However, how KSHV impacts the host epigenome at different stages of viral life cycle is not well understood. Using the analysis of global run-on sequencing (GRO-seq) and chromatin-immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq), we profiled the dynamics of host transcriptional regulatory elements during latency and lytic replication of KSHV-infected PEL cells. This study showed that a number of critical host genes for KSHV latency, including MYC proto-oncogene, were under the control of super-enhancers and eRNAs that were globally repressed upon viral reactivation. A combination of circular chromosome conformation capture combined with sequencing (4C-seq), GRO-seq and ChIP-seq indicated that the eRNA-expressing super-enhance regions were located at downstream of the MYC gene in KSHV-infected PELs. Treatment of an epigenetic drug to block enhancer function or shRNA-mediated depletion of the eRNA expression significantly reduced MYC mRNA expression in KSHV-infected PELs. Finally, while cellular IRF4 acted upon the eRNAs and super-enhancers for MYC expression during latency, the KSHV viral IRF4 repressed cellular IRF4 expression upon reactivation, decreasing MYC expression and thereby, facilitating lytic replication. Taken together, these data suggest that KSHV acts as an epigenetic driver that modifies host epigenomic status by effectively regulating enhancer function upon reactivation.

Dataset Information

Kaposi’s Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus Reactivation by Bacteria Promotes the Hypoxia Response and Epigenetic Regulation

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure