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A molecular shift in limb identity underlies the convergent evolution and development of feathered feet

ABSTRACT: The genetic and developmental mechanisms that control the decision between scale and feather growth – two profoundly different epidermal appendages, and an important developmental shift in the evolution of birds from their dinosaurian ancestors – remain poorly understood. Domestic pigeons display dramatic variation in foot epidermal appendages within a single species, and classical studies suggest that a small number of genes control much of this variation; thus pigeons provide a tractable model to understand skin appendage specification and variation. Here we show that feathered feet in pigeons are the consequence of a partial transformation of limb-type identity mediated by cis-regulatory changes in the hindlimb-specific transcription factor Pitx1 and forelimb-specific transcription factor Tbx5. We also demonstrate that ectopic hindlimb expression of Tbx5 is associated with the development of foot feathers in domestic chickens, suggesting that similar developmental mechanisms underlie phenotypic convergence in avian lineages that diverged over 100 MYA. These results show how qualitative and quantitative changes in expression of regional patterning genes can generate localized changes in organ fate and morphology, and provide a viable molecular mechanism for the evolution of hindlimb scale and feather distribution in dromaeosaurs.

ORGANISM(S): Columba livia

PROVIDER: GSE67875 | GEO | 2016/04/03

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA281098

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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A molecular shift in limb identity underlies the convergent evolution and development of feathered feet

Project description:The genetic and developmental mechanisms that control the decision between scale and feather growth â two profoundly different epidermal appendages, and an important developmental shift in the evolution of birds from their dinosaurian ancestors â remain poorly understood. Domestic pigeons display dramatic variation in foot epidermal appendages within a single species, and classical studies suggest that a small number of genes control much of this variation; thus pigeons provide a tractable model to understand skin appendage specification and variation. Here we show that feathered feet in pigeons are the consequence of a partial transformation of limb-type identity mediated by cis-regulatory changes in the hindlimb-specific transcription factor Pitx1 and forelimb-specific transcription factor Tbx5. We also demonstrate that ectopic hindlimb expression of Tbx5 is associated with the development of foot feathers in domestic chickens, suggesting that similar developmental mechanisms underlie phenotypic convergence in avian lineages that diverged over 100 MYA. These results show how qualitative and quantitative changes in expression of regional patterning genes can generate localized changes in organ fate and morphology, and provide a viable molecular mechanism for the evolution of hindlimb scale and feather distribution in dromaeosaurs. Examination of H3K27ac status in embryonic limb buds from two domestic pigeon breeds, racing homer and Indian fantail

2016-04-03 | E-GEOD-67875 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Shifts in pigeon limb identity reveal conserved genetic networks

Project description:In feather-footed pigeons, mutant alleles of PITX1 and TBX5 drive the partial redeployment of an evolutionarily conserved forelimb genetic program in the hindlimb.

2020-02-28 | GSE127775 | GEO

Comparative Transcriptome Profiling of mRNA and lncRNA of Ovaries in High and Low Egg Production Performance in Domestic Pigeons (Columba livia)

Project description:To evaluate the lncRNAs and mRNAs in ovaries associated with egg production performance in domestic pigeons, high-throughput RNA sequencing of ovaries between high and low egg production performance groups were performed and analyzed in this study.

2021-04-13 | GSE162867 | GEO

Regional specific differentiation of integumentary organs: SATB2 is involved in α- and β-keratin gene cluster switching in the chicken

Project description:Animals develop skin regional specificities to best adapt to their environments. Birds are excellent models in which to study the epigenetic mechanisms that facilitate these adaptions. Patients suffering from SATB2 mutations exhibit multiple defects including ectodermal dysplasia-like changes. The preferential expression of SATB2, a chromatin regulator, in feather-forming compared to scale-forming regions, suggests it functions in regional specification of chicken skin appendages by acting on either differentiation or morphogenesis. Retrovirus mediated SATB2 misexpression in developing feathers, beaks, and claws causes epidermal differentiation abnormalities (e.g. knobs, plaques) with few organ morphology alterations. Chicken β-keratins are encoded in 5 sub-clusters (Claw, Feather, Feather-like, Scale, and Keratinocyte) on Chromosome 25 and a large Feather keratin cluster on Chromosome 27. Type I and II α-keratin clusters are located on Chromosomes 27 and 33, respectively. Transcriptome analyses showed these keratins 1) are often tuned up or down collectively as a sub-cluster, and 2) these changes occur in a temporo-spatial specific manner. This cluster-level suppression is also seen in MMPs on Chromosome 1. SATB2 alters gene expression changes of most other transcripts without this cluster-level switching. These results suggest an organizing role of SATB2 in cluster-level gene co-regulation during skin regional specification.

2021-08-14 | GSE178651 | GEO

Single Cell and Open Chromatin Analysis Reveals Molecular Origin of Epidermal Cells of the Skin

Project description:Skin and its appendages such as hair follicle and sweat gland are formed by Keratin-5 expressing (Krt5+) epidermal cells that are specified from primitive, Keratin-8 expressing (Krt8+) ectodermal progenitors shortly after gastrulation. Here we show that transcription factor ∆Np63 is required for converting Krt8+ ectodermal progenitors to Krt5+ epidermal progenitors and priming the underlying dermal cells to form dermal condensate by activating the Wnt/ß-Catenin pathway. These findings unearth the molecular cascades during the fate specification of epidermal cells, illuminate the essential role of ∆Np63 in initiating the Wnt signaling in the epidermis and programming the underlying dermal cells and provide new possibilities to harness the intrinsic developmental program for generating the skin and its appendages.

2018-09-05 | GSE97213 | GEO

Single Cell and Open Chromatin Analysis Reveals Molecular Origin of Epidermal Cells of the Skin

2018-09-05 | GSE102086 | GEO

ChIP-seq for embryonic chicken feather and scale samples

Project description:Feather evolution enabled feathered dinosaurs and early Mesozoic birds to venture into new ecological niches. Studying how feathers and scales are specified provides insight into how a new organ evolves. We use genome-wide analyses to identify feather-associated genes and test their feather-forming ability by expressing them in chicken and alligator scales. Intermediate morphotypes revealed five cardinal morphogenetic events: localized growth zone, follicle invagination, branching, feather keratin differentiation and dermal papilla formation. In contrast to molecules known to induce feathers on scales (retinoic acid, beta-catenin), we identify novel scale-feather converters (Sox2, Zic1, Grem1, Spry2, Sox18) which induce only one or several of the five regulatory modules. Some morphotypes resemble filamentous appendages found in feathered dinosaur fossils, while others demonstrate some characteristics of modern feathers. We propose that at least five morpho-regulatory modules were used to diversify ancient reptile scales. The regulatory combination and hierarchical integration led to extant feather forms.

2017-12-31 | GSE87248 | GEO

Chicken embryonic E16 scutate scale and feather samples

2017-12-31 | GSE87247 | GEO

Chicken embryonic feather and scale samples

2017-12-31 | GSE87139 | GEO

A Novel Population of Human Cardiac Resident Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Project description:We describe a novel population of human adult cardiac resident stem cells (CRSCs), which are positive for W8B2 antigen, originating from human adult atrial appendages. W8B2+ CRSCs exhibit a spindle-shaped morphology, are clonogenic and able to self-renew. W8B2+ CRSCs show high expression of mesenchymal but not hematopoietic nor endothelial markers. W8B2+ CRSCs expressed GATA4, HAND2, and TBX5, but not C-KIT, SCA-1, NKX2.5, PDGFR?, ISL1 or Wilm’s tumor gene-1 (WT1). W8B2+ CRSCs can differentiate into the cardiovascular lineages and secrete various cytokines. Comparative RNA sequencing was performed using W8B2+ cell from human atrial appendages (passage 2 from 3 different patients), c-Kit+ cell from human atrial appendages (passage 2 from 3 different patients) and W8B2+ cell from bone marrow (passage 3 from 2 different patients, from PromoCell, Heidelberg, Germany).

2014-10-15 | E-GEOD-62288 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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