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Cathepsin K Contributes to Cavitation and Collagen Turnover in Pulmonary Tuberculosis

ABSTRACT: Cavitation in tuberculosis (TB) enables highly efficient person-to-person aerosol transmission. Currently, a number of hypotheses exist regarding the mechanisms underlying this process. To explore this process, we undertook an unbiased next-generation transcriptional analysis of samples from cavity walls, grossly normal tissue from the same lung, and uninfected control lungs. Of 17,318 mapped host transcripts, only 199 showed a significant >2-fold change in cavity wall versus normal infected and uninfected samples. Amongst 22 upregulated proteases, 5 type I collagenases were over-represented; these included cathepsin K (CTSK), mast cell chymase-1 (CMA1), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-13, and MMP-14. To determine if cavitation was associated with changes in collagen turnover, we assayed serum and urinary markers of collagen metabolism in rabbits with cavitary TB versus infected controls. Serum collagen type 1 C-terminal propeptide (CICP, a marker of collagen synthesis and degradation) and urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPD, a marker of degradation) were increased by 10- (p = 0.019) and 4-fold (p = 0.068), respectively; while urinary helical peptide (a marker of degradation) was decreased 3-fold (p=0.015). This indicates that cavitation in TB is associated with significant increases of both destruction and synthesis of collagen and that cleavage of type I collagen occurs outside the known cleavage sites of MMP-1, -13 and -14.

ORGANISM(S): Oryctolagus cuniculus

PROVIDER: GSE68206 | GEO | 2015/11/03

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA282030

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:This a model from the article: A theoretical model of type I collagen proteolysis by matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 and membrane type 1 MMP in the presence of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2. Karagiannis ED, Popel AS. J Biol Chem 2004 Sep 10;279(37):39105-14 15252025 , Abstract: One well documented family of enzymes responsible for the proteolytic processes that occur in the extracellular matrix is the soluble and membrane-associated matrix metalloproteinases. Here we present the first theoretical model of the biochemical network describing the proteolysis of collagen I by matrix metalloproteinases 2 (MMP2) and membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinases (MT1-MMP) in the presence of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2 (TIMP2) in a bulk, cell-free, well stirred environment. The model can serve as a tool for describing quantitatively the activation of the MMP2 proenzyme (pro-MMP2), the ectodomain shedding of MT1-MMP, and the collagenolysis arising from both of the enzymes. We show that pro-MMP2 activation, a process that involves a trimer formation of the proenzyme with TIMP2 and MT1-MMP, is suppressed at high inhibitor levels and paradoxically attains maximum only at intermediate TIMP2 concentrations. We also calculate the conditions for which pro-MMP2 activation is maximal. Furthermore we demonstrate that the ectodomain shedding of MT1-MMP can serve as a mechanism controlling the MT1-MMP availability and therefore the pro-MMP2 activation. Finally the proteolytic synergism of MMP2 and MT1-MMP is introduced and described quantitatively. The model provides us a tool to determine the conditions under which the synergism is optimized. Our approach is the first step toward a more complete description of the proteolytic processes that occur in the extracellular matrix and include a wider spectrum of enzymes and substrates as well as naturally occurring or artificial inhibitors. This model was taken from the CellML repository and automatically converted to SBML. The original model was: Karagiannis ED, Popel AS. (2004) - version01 This model originates from BioModels Database: A Database of Annotated Published Models (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/biomodels/). It is copyright (c) 2005-2011 The BioModels.net Team. To the extent possible under law, all copyright and related or neighbouring rights to this encoded model have been dedicated to the public domain worldwide. Please refer to CC0 Public Domain Dedication for more information. In summary, you are entitled to use this encoded model in absolutely any manner you deem suitable, verbatim, or with modification, alone or embedded it in a larger context, redistribute it, commercially or not, in a restricted way or not.. To cite BioModels Database, please use: Li C, Donizelli M, Rodriguez N, Dharuri H, Endler L, Chelliah V, Li L, He E, Henry A, Stefan MI, Snoep JL, Hucka M, Le Novère N, Laibe C (2010) BioModels Database: An enhanced, curated and annotated resource for published quantitative kinetic models. BMC Syst Biol., 4:92.

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Cathepsin K Contributes to Cavitation and Collagen Turnover in Pulmonary Tuberculosis

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