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Enabling phenotypic drug discovery for neurological mitochondrial DNA disorders with patient-derived neural progenitor cells

ABSTRACT: Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations predominantly cause neurological diseases. Searching for therapeutic strategies is hindered by the absence of viable neural model systems due to the challenges of engineering mtDNA. We demonstrate that neural progenitor cells (NPCs), rapidly obtained from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), retain the parental mtDNA profile and exhibit mitochondrial maturation coupled with a metabolic switch away from glycolysis. Altered calcium homeostasis and mitochondrial hyperpolarization, both potential causes of neural impairment, were observed in iPSC-derived NPCs from patients carrying a deleterious homoplasmic mutation in the mitochondrial gene MT-ATP6 (m.9185T>C). Phenotype-based high-content screenings (HCS) with FDA-approved compounds were then carried out, leading to the identification of possible innovative counteracting agents. We propose iPSC-derived NPCs, displaying mild proliferative properties and proper genotype/metabotype, as a bona fide model system for the establishment of personalized phenotypic drug discovery for untreatable mtDNA disorders affecting the nervous system.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE70071 | GEO | 2017/12/07

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA287567

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Enabling phenotypic drug discovery for neurological mitochondrial DNA disorders with patient-derived neural progenitor cells

Project description:Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations predominantly cause neurological diseases. Searching for therapeutic strategies is hindered by the absence of viable neural model systems due to the challenges of engineering mtDNA. We demonstrate that neural progenitor cells (NPCs), rapidly obtained from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), retain the parental mtDNA profile and exhibit mitochondrial maturation coupled with a metabolic switch away from glycolysis. Altered calcium homeostasis and mitochondrial hyperpolarization, both potential causes of neural impairment, were observed in iPSC-derived NPCs from patients carrying a deleterious homoplasmic mutation in the mitochondrial gene MT-ATP6 (m.9185T>C). Phenotype-based high-content screenings (HCS) with FDA-approved compounds were carried out, leading to the identification of possible innovative counteracting agents. We propose iPSC-derived NPCs, displaying mild proliferative properties and proper genotype/metabotype, as a bona fide model system for the establishment of personalized phenotypic drug discovery for untreatable mtDNA disorders affecting the nervous system. Associated GEO accession number: GSE70071.

2017-01-31 | PXD004977 | Pride

Enabling phenotypic drug discovery for neurological mitochondrial DNA disorders with patient-derived neural progenitor cells

2017-03-31 | MSV000080849 | MassIVE

Plasticity of Mitochondrial DNA Inheritance and its Impact on Nuclear Gene Transcription in Yeast Hybrids grown on YP Glycerol 28C

Project description:Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in budding yeast is biparentally inherited, but colonies rapidly lose one type of parental mtDNA, becoming homoplasmic. Therefore, hybrids between different yeast species possess two homologous nuclear genomes, but only one type of mitochondrial DNA. We hypothesise that the choice of mtDNA retention is influenced by its contribution to hybrid fitness in different environments, and that the allelic expression of the two nuclear sub-genomes is affected by the presence of different mtDNAs in hybrids. Here, we crossed Saccharomyces cerevisiae with S. uvarum under different environmental conditions and examined the plasticity of the retention of mtDNA in each hybrid.

2020-04-16 | E-MTAB-7922 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Plasticity of Mitochondrial DNA Inheritance and its Impact on Nuclear Gene Transcription in Yeast Hybrids Compared to parents strains

2020-10-26 | E-MTAB-8900 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Quantitative variation in m.3243A>G mutation produce discrete changes in energy metabolism

Project description:Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) 3243A>G tRNALeu(UUR) heteroplasmic mutation (m.3243A>G) exhibits clinically heterogeneous phenotypes. While the high mtDNA heteroplasmy exceeding a critical threshold causes mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis with stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome, the low mtDNA heteroplasmy causes maternally inherited diabetes with or without deafness (MIDD) syndrome. How quantitative differences in mtDNA heteroplasmy produces distinct pathological states has remained elusive. Here we show that despite striking similarities in the energy metabolic gene expression signature, the mitochondrial bioenergetics, biogenesis and fuel catabolic functions are distinct in cells harboring low or high levels of the m.3243A>G mutation compared to wild type cells. We further demonstrate that the low heteroplasmic mutant cells exhibit a coordinate induction of transcriptional regulators of the mitochondrial biogenesis, glucose and fatty acid metabolism pathways that lack in near homoplasmic mutant cells compared to wild type cells. Altogether, these results shed new biological insights on the potential mechanisms by which low mtDNA heteroplasmy may progressively cause diabetes mellitus.

2019-04-09 | GSE129091 | GEO

Genetic Correction and Metabolic Rescue of Pluripotent Cells from Patients with mtDNA

Project description:Mitochondria are vital due to their principal role in energy production via oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)1. Mitochondria carry their own genome (mtDNA) encoding critical genes involved in OXPHOS, therefore, mtDNA mutations cause fatal or severely debilitating disorders with limited treatment options. 2. Clinical manifestations of mtDNA disease vary based on mutation type and heteroplasmy levels i.e. presence of mutant and normal mtDNA within each cell. 3,4. We evaluated therapeutic concepts of generating genetically corrected pluripotent stem cells for patients with mtDNA mutations. We initially generated multiple iPS cell lines from a patient with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) caused by a heteroplasmic 3243A>G mutation and a patient with Leigh disease carrying a homoplasmic 8993T>G mutation (Leigh-iPS). Due to spontaneous mtDNA segregation in proliferating fibroblasts, isogenic MELAS iPS cell lines were recovered containing exclusively wild type (wt) mtDNA with normal metabolic function. As expected, all iPS cells from the patient with Leigh disease were affected. Using somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT; Leigh-NT1), we then simultaneously replaced mutated mtDNA and generated pluripotent stem cells from the Leigh patient fibroblasts. In addition to reversing to a normal 8993G>T, oocyte derived donor mtDNA (human haplotype D4a) in Leigh-NT1 differed from the original haplotype (F1a) at a additional 47 nucleotide sites. Leigh-NT1 cells displayed normal metabolic function compared to impaired oxygen consumption and ATP production in Leigh-iPS cells or parental fibroblasts (Leigh-fib). We conclude that natural segregation of heteroplasmic mtDNA allows the generation of iPS cells with exclusively wild type mtDNA. Moreover, SCNT offers mitochondrial gene replacement strategy for patients with homoplasmic mtDNA disease.

2015-07-16 | GSE61390 | GEO

The analysis of transcriptional profiles of cybrid cells harbouring two pathogenic mtDNA variants associated with Leigh syndrome

Project description:The analysis of transcriptional profiles of cybrid cells harbouring two pathogenic mtDNA variants associated with Leigh syndrome i.e., m.9185T>C in the mt-ATP6 gene and m.13513G>A in the mt-ND5 gene, in comparison to cybrid cells harbouring control mtDNA haplogroups or the wt m.13513G variant.

2023-04-01 | E-MTAB-11035 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Expression data from human iPSC-NPC

Project description:Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells (iPSC-NPCs) are a promising source of tailor-made cell therapy for neurological diseases. However, tumorigenicity and immunogenicity are major obstacles to translational use. Here we demonstrate epidural therapeutics of human iPSC-NPC grafts after experimental ischemic stroke to avoid surgical damage and intracerebral teratomas. We found that human iPSC-NPCs co-cultured trans-membranously with rat cortical cells subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation, compared with human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow and umbilical cord Wharton's jelly, superiorly enhanced neural survival and growth as well as mitigated astrogliosis. Using comparative whole-genome microarrays and cytokine arrays, we identified a neurorestorative secretome from iPSC-NPCs and neutralization of the enriched cytokines potently abolished the neuroprotective effects in the iPSC-NPC co-cultures. Moreover, we implanted the human iPSC-NPCs epidurally using fibrin glue over the peri-infarct cortex at 7 days following permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in adult rats. The cell-treated rats showed significant improvement in their paretic forelimb usage and grip strength from 10 days post-transplantation (dpt) onwards compared to the vehicle-treated rats, accompanied by ameliorated infarct/atrophy volumes, inflammatory infiltration and astrogliosis, as well as augmented angiogenesis, oligodendrocyte precursor cells and white matter integrity. Some iPSC-NPCs migrated into the peri-infarct cortex but poorly survived by 21 dpt. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that a less invasive yet effective epidural delivery route of human iPSC-NPCs may promote functional remodeling of the peri-infarct brain predominantly through distinct paracrine effects. cDNA samples from iPSC-NPC were hybridized to the human genome U133 Plus 2.0 GeneChip arrays.

2016-06-02 | E-GEOD-82101 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Polymorphisms in mitochondrial DNA genes coding for subunits in complex I differentially control lifespan and ageing-related pathways in mice.

Project description:Mitochondrial complex I, the largest enzyme complex of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation machinery, has been proposed to contribute to variety of age-related pathological alterations as well as longevity. The enzyme complex-consisting proteins are encoded by both nuclear- (nDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). While some association studies of mtDNA-encoded complex I genes and lifespan in humans have been reported, experimental evidence and functional consequence of such variants are limited to studies using invertebrate models. Here, we present experimental evidence that a homoplasmic mutation in mitochondrially encoded complex I gene, mt-Nd2, modulates lifespan by altering cellular tryptophan levels and consequently ageing-related pathways in mice. A conplastic mouse strain carrying a mutation at m.4738C>A in mt-Nd2 lived significantly shorter than the controls. The same mutation led to higher susceptibility to glucose intolerance induced by high fat diet feeding. These phenotypes were not observed in mice carrying a mutation in another mtDNA-encoded complex I gene, mt-Nd5, suggesting functional relevance of particular mutations in complex I to ageing and age-related diseases.

2019-12-23 | GSE114256 | GEO

Mitochondrial DNA sequences of familial (maternal vs. non-maternal) ALS cases in whole blood, platelets and white blood cells

Project description:To address the question of whether mtDNA mutations might play a role in familiar ALS (fALS), mtDNA was isolated from whole blood (WB), white blood cells (WBC) and platelets (PLT) from fALS patients and the mitochondrial genome was analyzed using a mtDNA resequencing array (Affymetrix MitoChip v2.0) that allows detection of low-level heteroplasmy in addition to the conventional homoplasmic or heteroplasmic mutations. We distinguished between fALS cases with a prominent maternal (mat) inheritance pattern and fALS cases that do not point to a maternal inheritance pattern (non-mat). As additional controls we compared our results to healthy age and sex matched individuals without any known neurodegenerative background. With this we are aiming to get a deeper insight into a possible role of mtDNA alterations acting as a disease modifier in a subgroup of ALS patients presenting with a maternal transmission of the disease.

2023-07-28 | GSE211250 | GEO

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