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SACL, a bHLH gene that restricts vascular cell proliferation in plants.

ABSTRACT: The final size and arrangement of the plant vasculature requires precise adjustment of cell proliferation. In particular, radial growth of vascular bundles is to a large extent controlled by a bHLH transcription factor heterodimer formed by TARGET OF MONOPTEROS5 (TMO5) and LONESOME HIGHWAY (LHW). Excess activity of this TMO5/LHW dimer causes excessive proliferation of vascular cell divisions and thus suggests the existence of a molecular mechanism that restricts its activity in space and time. Here we show that this overproliferation phenotype is similar to acaulis5 (acl5) mutants, suggesting a role for ACL5 in controlling TMO5/LHW activity. We further identify the clade of SAC51-LIKE (SACL) bHLH transcription factors whose translation is regulated by ACL5, as inhibitors of TMO5/LHW activity. We show that SACL proteins interact with LHW impairing activation of downstream targets and alleviating the overproliferation caused by TMO5/LHW misexpression. Given that transcription of SACL genes is induced by TMO5/LHW and its upstream trigger auxin, we propose that SACL proteins represent a feedback mechanism that limits activity of this pathway and controls periclinal cell divisions.

ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana

PROVIDER: GSE70157 | GEO | 2015/09/01

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA287768

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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SACL, a bHLH gene that restricts vascular cell proliferation in plants.

Project description:The final size and arrangement of the plant vasculature requires precise adjustment of cell proliferation. In particular, radial growth of vascular bundles is to a large extent controlled by a bHLH transcription factor heterodimer formed by TARGET OF MONOPTEROS5 (TMO5) and LONESOME HIGHWAY (LHW). Excess activity of this TMO5/LHW dimer causes excessive proliferation of vascular cell divisions and thus suggests the existence of a molecular mechanism that restricts its activity in space and time. Here we show that this overproliferation phenotype is similar to acaulis5 (acl5) mutants, suggesting a role for ACL5 in controlling TMO5/LHW activity. We further identify the clade of SAC51-LIKE (SACL) bHLH transcription factors whose translation is regulated by ACL5, as inhibitors of TMO5/LHW activity. We show that SACL proteins interact with LHW impairing activation of downstream targets and alleviating the overproliferation caused by TMO5/LHW misexpression. Given that transcription of SACL genes is induced by TMO5/LHW and its upstream trigger auxin, we propose that SACL proteins represent a feedback mechanism that limits activity of this pathway and controls periclinal cell divisions. Three biological replicates were generated per sample. The goal of this experiment is to compare different genotypes that suppress the acl5 mutant as Columbia-0, acl5 + pHS::SACL3 and acl5 ajax2-31, against the acl5 mutant. Every pair of samples that were compared in the same array, were also growth in the same plate. The acl5 + pHS::SACL3 seedlings (and the acl5 ones against they are went compared) were treated to 37C degrees heat shock and then collected at the different times (30 and 210 min) after heat shock. In each comparison 1 or 2 or the replcates were reversed-labeled.

2015-09-01 | E-GEOD-70157 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Expression data from Arabidopsis suspension cells overexpressing LHW and T5L1-GFP

Project description:Plant vascular tissues are essential for the existence of land plants. Many studies have revealed the process underlying the development of vascular tissues. However, the initiation of vascular development is still a mystery. LONESOME HIGHWAY (LHW), which encodes a bHLH transcription factor, is expressed in the initial step of vascular development in roots. LHW and TMO5 LIKE1 (T5L1) interact each other and function as a heterodimer. Here, we identified specific genes downstream of LHW-T5L1 with transformed suspension culture cells in microarray experiments. To identify genes downstream of LHW-T5L1, we collected three samples at 0h and 12h with or without estrogen with triplicates.

2014-08-18 | E-GEOD-57860 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Expression data from Arabidopsis suspension cells overexpressing LHW and T5L1-GFP

2014-08-18 | GSE57860 | GEO

DOF2.1 controls vascular cell proliferation downstream of TMO5/LHW

Project description:As plant cells are fixed within their tissue context, a precise control of cell division orientation is crucial to generate complex three-dimensional organs. The transcription factor complex formed by TARGET OF MONOPTEROS5 (TMO5) and LONESOME HIGHWAY (LHW) triggers a change in cell division orientation leading to radial expansion, at least in part by activating local cytokinin biosynthesis. However, it remains unclear how cytokinin controls these oriented cell divisions. Here, we analyzed the transcriptional responses upon simultaneous induction of both TMO5 and LHW in detail. Using inferred network analysis, we identify AT2G28510/DOF2.1 as a cytokinin-dependent downstream target gene of the TMO5/LHW heterodimer complex. We further show that DOF2.1 is specifically required and sufficient for vascular cell proliferation without inducing other cytokinin-dependent effects such as the inhibition of vascular differentiation. In summary, we have identified DOF2.1 as a TMO5/LHW target gene, specifically responsible for controlling vascular cell proliferation leading to radial expansion.

2019-01-24 | GSE116858 | GEO

Vascular transcription factors control epidermal responses to limiting phosphate conditions

Project description:Optimal plant growth is hampered by limiting amounts of the essential macronutrient phosphate in most soils. As a response, plant roots produce root hairs to capture this immobile nutrient. Although vital to high-yielding crops, this response remains poorly understood. By generating and exploiting a high spatial and temporal resolution single cell atlas of the Arabidopsis root, we show a remarkable enrichment of TMO5/LHW target genes in root hair epidermal cells. Moreover, these vascular bHLH factors are sufficient to induce a root hair formation response in the epidermal cells, similar as observed during low phosphate conditions, via the downstream cytokinin signaling. We further show that root hair formation under low phosphate conditions is almost absent when TMO5 function or cytokinin signaling is perturbed. In conclusion, cytokinin signaling links the adaptation of roots under low phosphate conditions in the epidermis to perception in vascular cells.

2020-09-18 | GSE141730 | GEO

DOF2.1 controls vascular cell proliferation downstream of TMO5/LHW

Project description:DOF2.1 controls vascular cell proliferation downstream of TMO5/LHW

| PRJNA480449 | ENA

bHLH cascade regulate 24-nt phasiRNA biogenesis in maize anther

Project description:Anthers are the male reproductive floral organs, but loss of the 24-nt class of phased small-interfering RNAs (phasiRNAs) may confer temperature-sensitive male sterility in maize. 24-nt phasiRNAs from 176 loci are abundant coordinately in fertile maize anthers after the last periclinal divisions are complete, all four wall layers are formed, and meiosis has initiated in the pollen mother cells. In this study, we found male sterile maize ms23, ms32, and bhlh122 mutants with various degrees of tapetal defects lack 24-PHAS mRNA precursors and 24-nt phasiRNAs, which were not affected in another male sterile mutant, bhlh51. Transcription from most of 24-PHAS loci depends on bHLH122 while bHLH122 and Dcl5 transcription depends on both Ms23 and Ms32. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that 24-nt phasiRNAs biogenesis is primarily controlled at multiple layers by MS23 and MS32, with distinctive action on 24-PHAS transcription by bHLH122, creating a transcription factor cascade in maize tapetal cells.

2022-01-10 | GSE175915 | GEO

Non-cell autonomous and spatiotemporal signaling from a tissue organizer orchestrates root vascular development

Project description:During plant development, a precise balance of cytokinin is crucial for correct growth and patterning, but it remains unclear how this is achieved across different cell types and in the context of a growing organ. Here we show that in the root apical meristem, the TMO5/LHW complex increases active cytokinin levels via two cooperatively acting enzymes. By profiling the transcriptomic changes of increased cytokinin at single-cell level, we further show that this effect is counteracted by a tissue-specific increase in CYTOKININ OXIDASE 3 expression via direct activation of the mobile transcription factor SHORTROOT. In summary, we show that within the root meristem, xylem cells act as a local organizer of vascular development by non-autonomously regulating cytokinin levels in neighbouring procambium cells via sequential induction and repression modules.

2021-10-10 | GSE179820 | GEO

959 Sequences of bHLH genes

Project description:CDS Sequences of bHLH genes

| PRJEB36432 | ENA

bHLH Transcription Factors that Facilitate K+ Uptake During Stomatal Opening are Repressed by Abscisic Acid through Phosphorylation

Project description:Stomata open in response to light and close following exposure to abscisic acid (ABA). They regulate gas exchange between plants and atmosphere, allowing plants to adapt to changing environmental conditions. ABA binding to receptors initiates a signaling cascade that involves protein phosphorylation. Here we show that ABA induced phosphorylation of three basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors, called AKSs (ABA-RESPONSIVE KINASE SUBSTRATES; AKS1, AKS2, AKS3), in Arabidopsis guard cells, and that they facilitated stomatal opening through the transcription of genes encoding inwardly-rectifying K+ channels. aks1aks2-1 double mutant plants showed decreases in light-induced stomatal opening, K+ accumulation in response to light, activity of inwardly-rectifying K+ channels, and transcription of genes encoding major inwardly-rectifying K+ channels without affecting ABA-mediated stomatal closure. Overexpression of POTASSIUM CHANNEL IN ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA 1 (KAT1), which encodes a major inwardly-rectifying K+ channel in guard cells, rescued the phenotype of aks1aks2-1 plants. AKS1 bound directly to the promoter of KAT1, an interaction that was attenuated after ABA-induced phosphorylation. The ABA agonist pyrabactin induced phosphorylation of AKSs. Our results demonstrate that the AKS family of bHLH transcription factors facilitates stomatal opening through transcription of genes encoding inwardly-rectifying K+ channels, and that ABA suppresses the activity of inwardly-rectifying K+ channel activity by triggering the phosphorylation of these transcription factors. Microarray data have been deposited in the Gene Expression Omnibus with accession number: GSE46574.

2013-06-28 | PXD000235 | Pride

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