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The 1918 PB2 protein, not HA, enhances the virulence of an avian influenza virus closely related to the 1918 pandemic virus through the inhibition of wnt signaling.

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this experiment was to understand the pathogenic role of individual 1918 genes on the host response to the 1918 pandemic influenza virus. We examined reassortant avian viruses nearly identical to the pandemic 1918 virus (1918-like avian virus) carrying either the 1918 HA or PB2 gene. Both genes enhanced 1918-like avian virus replication, but only the mammalian host adaptation of the 1918-like avian virus through reassortment of the 1918 PB2 led to increased lethality in mice. We demonstrate that 1918 PB2 enhances immune and inflammatory responses concomitant with increased cellular infiltration in the lung. We also show that 1918 PB2 expression results in the repression of both canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways which are crucial for inflammation mediated lung regeneration and repair.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE70502 | GEO | 2015/12/31

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA288878

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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The 1918 PB2 protein, not HA, enhances the virulence of an avian influenza virus closely related to the 1918 pandemic virus through the inhibition of wnt signaling.

Project description:The purpose of this experiment was to understand the pathogenic role of individual 1918 genes on the host response to the 1918 pandemic influenza virus. We examined reassortant avian viruses nearly identical to the pandemic 1918 virus (1918-like avian virus) carrying either the 1918 HA or PB2 gene. Both genes enhanced 1918-like avian virus replication, but only the mammalian host adaptation of the 1918-like avian virus through reassortment of the 1918 PB2 led to increased lethality in mice. We demonstrate that 1918 PB2 enhances immune and inflammatory responses concomitant with increased cellular infiltration in the lung. We also show that 1918 PB2 expression results in the repression of both canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways which are crucial for inflammation mediated lung regeneration and repair. Five- to six-week-old female BALB/c mice (Jackson Laboratory) were used for the experiments. Isoflurane-anesthetized mice were intranasally inoculated with tenfold serial dilutions (three mice per dilution) of 1918, 1918-like avian, 1918 PB2/avian and 1918 HA/avian viruses. The dose required to kill 50% of mice (MLD50) was calculated using the Reed-Muench method. For analysis of virus growth and microarray profiling mice were intranasally inoculated with 10^4 PFU of virus (n=4/virus/timepoint) or PBS (n=3/timepoint). At days 1, 2 and 4 after infection, lungs were harvested from the infected mice. Lungs were processed for RNA extraction for microarray studies and virus titer determination.

2015-12-31 | E-GEOD-70502 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Role for HA and the viral RNA polymerase complex in the virulence of the 1918 influenza virus

2013-02-23 | GSE44595 | GEO

Role for HA and the viral RNA polymerase complex in the virulence of the 1918 influenza virus

Project description:The goal of this experiment was to examine the biological properties of reassortant viruses between the 1918 virus and a contemporary human H1N1 virus to determine the role of hemagglutinin (HA) and the viral RNA polymerase complex of 1918 virus toward pathogenesis and abberant host responses in mice. Six- to eight-week-old female BALB/c mice were anesthetized and inoculated with 50 μl of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; Mock) or with 10^6 pfu of virus in a 50 μl volume. There are a total of six biological conditions: wild-type 1918 virus (A/Brevig Mission/1/1918; 1918), wild-type K173 virus (A/Kawasaki/173/2001; K173), three reassortant viruses between 1918 and K173 viruses [1918HA/K173, 1918PB1/K173, and 1918(3P+NP)/K173], and mock-infected control animals. Nine animals per virus group were inoculated, and whole lungs were collected at 1, 3 and 5 days post-inoculation from three animals per virus group per time point. Two of three mice inoculated with 1918 virus and 1918HA/K173 virus died by day 5 post-inoculation. Six animals were inoculated with PBS. Whole lungs from two mock-infected animals per time point were collected and served as the uninfected reference. All samples were processed for lung gene expression analysis using oligonucleotide microarrays. Technical replicates were performed for 9 samples.

2013-02-23 | E-GEOD-44595 | biostudies-arrayexpress

1918 pandemic influenza virus and pneumococcus co-infection results in activation of coagulation and widespread pulmonary microvascular thrombosis in mice and humans

Project description:To study the effects of secondary bacterial infection during 1918 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus infection, BALB/c mice were inoculated with the fully reconstructed 1918 influenza virus followed by inoculation with pneumococcus 72h later. To study the effects of secondary bacterial infection during 1918 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus infection, BALB/c mice were inoculated with the fully reconstructed 1918 influenza virus followed by inoculation with pneumococcus 72h later.

2015-09-20 | E-GEOD-70445 | biostudies-arrayexpress

NS1-mediated inhibition of c-Abl results in acute lung injury and priming for bacterial co-infections; insights into 1918 H1N1 pandemic

Project description:NS1 proteins from avian influenza viruses like the 1918 pandemic NS1 are capable of inhibiting the key signaling integrator c-Abl (Abl1), resulting in massive cytopathic cell alterations. In the current study, we addressed the consequences of NS1-mediated alteration of c-Abl on acute lung injury and pathogenicity. Comparing isogenic strains that differ only in their ability to inhibit c-Abl, we observed elevated pathogenicity for the c-Abl-inhibiting virus. NS1-mediated block of c-Abl resulted in severe lung pathology and massive edema formation and facilitated secondary bacterial pneumonia. This phenotype was independent of differences in replication and immune responses, defining it as an NS1 virulence mechanism distinct from its canonical functions. Microarray analysis revealed extensive down-regulation of genes involved in cell integrity and vascular endothelial regulation. In conclusion, NS1 protein-mediated blockade of c-Abl signaling drives acute lung injury and primes for bacterial co-infections revealing potential insights into the pathogenicity of the 1918 pandemic virus. Lung transcription analysis of Influenza A virus infected mice.

2014-11-03 | E-GEOD-62169 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Lethal dissemination of H5N1 influenza virus is associated with dysregulation of inflammation and lipoxin signaling in a mouse model of infection

2013-07-16 | GSE48890 | GEO

1918 pandemic influenza virus and pneumococcus co-infection results in activation of coagulation and widespread pulmonary microvascular thrombosis in mice and humans

2015-09-20 | GSE70445 | GEO

NS1-mediated inhibition of c-Abl results in acute lung injury and priming for bacterial co-infections; insights into 1918 H1N1 pandemic

2014-11-03 | GSE62169 | GEO

Transcription profiling of bronchus from macaques infected with either the 1918 influenza virus or a humanized contemporary H1N1 influenza virus

Project description:The 1918 influenza pandemic was unusually severe, resulting in about 50 million deaths worldwide. A reconstructed version of the 1918 (H1N1) virus has been shown to also highly pathogenic in mice; however, the potential virulence and pathogenicity of the 1918 virus in nonhuman primates in unknown. In these studies, we demonstrate that the 1918 virus caused a highly pathogenic respiratory infection in a cynomolgus macaque model that culminated in acute respiratory distress and a fatal outcome. To characterize the global gene expression host response, oligonulceotide microarray analysis was performed on RNA isolated from the bronchus of macaques infected with either the 1918 virus or a humanized contemporary H1N1 influenza virus (A/Kawasaki/173/01). These experiments showed that infected animals mounted an immune response, characterized by dysregulation of the antiviral response, that was insufficient for protection, suggesting that atypical host innate immune responses may contribute to lethality.

2007-01-18 | E-TABM-181 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Lethal dissemination of H5N1 influenza virus is associated with dysregulation of inflammation and lipoxin signaling in a mouse model of infection

Project description:Periodic outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza viruses and the current H1N1 pandemic highlight the need for a more detailed understanding of influenza virus pathogenesis. To investigate the host transcriptional response induced by pathogenic influenza viruses, we used a functional-genomics approach to compare gene expression profiles in lungs from wild-type 129S6/SvEv and interferon receptor (IFNR) knockout mice infected with either the fully reconstructed H1N1 1918 pandemic virus (1918) or the highly pathogenic avian H5N1 virus Vietnam/1203/04 (VN/1203). Eight- to 10-week-old female wild-type and IFNR1-/- mice (on a 129S6/SvEv background) were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of 0.2 ml of 2,2,2-tribromoethanol in tert-amylalcohol (Avertin; Sigma-Aldrich, Milwaukee, WI). Ten times the 50% lethal dose (LD50), 3.2 × 10^4 PFU (1918) or 7 × 10^3 PFU (VN/1203), in 50 μl of infectious virus diluted in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was inoculated intranasally (i.n.). Lung tissue was harvested for microarray analysis from infected animals at 1, 3, and 4 days post-innoculation. For RNA isolation, lungs were frozen in individual tubes and stored in solution D (4 M guanidinium thiocyanate, 25 mM sodium citrate, 0.5% sarcosyl, 0.1 M β-mercaptoethanol). Separate microarrays were run for each infected mouse. This included 2 animals/time point for 1918 virus-infected mice (24 animals total) or 3 animals/time point for VN/1203-infected mice (36 animals total). Lung tissue from three uninfected wild type 129S6/SvEv mice was collected as a mock control. Equal masses of total RNA from the lung tissue of the three mice were pooled prior to being run on microarray. Two-channel microarrays were used to determine gene expression in the lungs. For each individual infected lung, gene expression from an infected lung was compared to gene expression from the pooled RNA from the mock control.

2013-07-16 | E-GEOD-48890 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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