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Mapping open chromatin dynamics of cortical neuron differentiation from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by ATAC-Seq

ABSTRACT: We aim to profile the dynamic changes of chromatin accessibility (openness) to transcription factors during cortical neuron differentiation from human iPSCs. We used ATAC-seq to map open chromatins in iPSCs, neural stem cells (NSCs) at day 27 and day 33 of neural induction (designated as iN-d30 for simplicity), and neurons at day 41 (iN-d41). We found that there were robust dynamic changes of open chromatins that are corresponding to cell stage-specific gene function both at genome-wide level and at individual loci of interest to neurodevelopment and psychiatric disorders, with NSC (iN-d30) gaining most (89%) of the neuron specific open chromatin peaks. Open chromatin peaks shared by different cell stages were overrepresented in core promoters, while the peaks specific to each cell stage or showing dynamic change of openness were enriched in introns and intergenic sequences. The dynamic change of open chromatins is orchestrated by specific sets of transcription factors (TFs) in each cell stage, providing epigenomic support the central role of NEUROD1 and NEUROG2 in cortical neuron differentiation.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE70823 | GEO | 2017/07/27

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA289650

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Sequential expression profile of cortical neuron differentiation from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by RNA-Seq

Project description:We aim to profile the dynamic changes of gene expression dynamics during cortical neuron differentiation from human iPSCs. We used RNA-seq to map open chromatins in iPSCs, neural stem cells (NSCs) at day 33 and day 41.

2018-04-24 | GSE102352 | GEO

Dynamics of H3K4me2 during cardiac lineage reprogramming

Project description:During reprogramming of fibroblasts into cardiomyocyte-like cells by overexpression of transcription factors, GATA4, Hand2, Mef2C and Tbx5 (GHMT), H3K4Me2, an active histone code, shifts from fibroblast-exclusive peaks to cardiomyocyte-exclusive peaks. Important cardiac genes are gradually marked by this active histone marker. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and neonatal mouse ventricular cardiomyocytes (NMVMs) represent fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes, respectively. Chromatins harvested from MEFs infected with retroviruses carrying GHMT at day 3, day 5, day 7 post-viral infection were prepared for immunoprecipitation.

2015-07-28 | E-GEOD-71392 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Genome-wide open chromatin methylome profiles in colorectal cancer

Project description:The methylome of open chromatins was investigated in colorectal cancer (CRC) to explore cancer-specific methylation and potential biomarkers. Epigenome-wide methylome of open chromatins was studied in colorectal cancer tissues using Infinium DNA MethylationEPIC assay. Differentially methylated regions were identified using the ChAMP Bioconductor. Our stringent analysis led to the discovery of 2187 significant differentially methylated open chromatins in CRCs. More hypomethylated probes were observed and the trend was similar across all chromosomes. Majority of hyper- and hypomethylated probes in open chromatin were in chromosome 1. Our unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis showed that 40 significant differentially methylated open chromatins were able to segregate CRC from normal colonic tissues. Receiver operating characteristic analyses from the top 40 probes revealed several significant, highly discriminative, specific and sensitive probes such as OPLAH cg26256223, EYA4 cg01328892, and CCNA1 cg11513637, among others. OPLAH cg26256223 hypermethylation is associated with reduced gene expression in the CRC. This study reports many open chromatin loci with novel differential methylation statuses, some of which with the potential as candidate markers for diagnostic purposes.

2020-04-25 | GSE149282 | GEO

Transcriptomic signatures and chromatin structure in adipocytes isolated from premenauposal women subcutaneous fat [RNA-seq]

Project description:Our data showed that lipid and glucose metabolic pathways genes were expressed at higher levels in gluteofemoral adipocyte fraction in pears, while genes associated with inflammation were higher in both abdominal and gluteofemoral apple adipocyte fraction. Gluteofemoral adipocyte chromatin from pear-shaped women contained a significantly higher number of differentially open ATAC-seq peaks relative to chromatin from the apple-shaped gluteofemoral adipocytes. In contrast, abdominal adipocyte chromatin openness showed few differences between apple and pear-shaped women. We revealed a correlation between gene transcription and open chromatin at the proximity of the TSS of some of the differentially expressed genes.

2020-06-08 | GSE143448 | GEO

Transcriptomic signatures and chromatin structure in adipocytes isolated from premenauposal women subcutaneous fat [ATAC-seq]

2020-06-08 | GSE143449 | GEO

Chromatin landscape changes of regenerating wing imaginal discs

Project description:We report the changes in chromatin accessibility associated with regeneration in wing imaginal discs at two developmental timepoints during L3. Wing discs were ablated using tissue-specific expression of the pro-apoptotic gene eiger at an early timepoint (day 7) when the discs retain high regenerative capacity and at a late time point (day 9) when regenerative capacity has significantly declined. ATAC-seq was performed on these discs after 40 hr of ablation and compared to identically staged unablated discs. We detect 14,142 open chromatin peaks after merging overlapping peaks from 3 biological repeats of all 4 conditions. Of these, 349 change significantly (log2fc>0.5, p<0.1) either opening or closing upon damage in early L3 discs, while only 55 open or close in late L3 discs. We describe two consequential groups of peak changes, those that are damage responsive (DR) in early L3 (222 peaks) and those that are maturity silenced (MS), open in early damaged L3 and closed in late damaged L3 (729 peaks). 28 peaks fall in the overlap of these two groups.

2020-06-11 | GSE140755 | GEO

Effect of NKD1, NKD2 and O2 on Chromatin Accessible Regions

Project description:NKD1, 2 and O2 are key transcription factors interactively regulating endosperm development. Their mutation combinations may diversely alter the global gene regulatory landscape. To investigate how interactions between NKD1, 2 and O2 affect endosperm regulatome, which is indicated by accessible regions for regulators on chromatins, Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq) was performed for 16 DAP endosperms of all 8 genotype combinations (2 biological replicate per genotype). Among 16 sequenced samples, 20,478 to 49,640 (mean: 34,766) peaks were called, and these peaks represent potential chromatin accessible regions. Distribution of the peaks on chromatins varies among samples: 54.35% - 66.73% peaks are located at distal intergenic region (>3kb upstream and >300 bp downstream of a gene) and 6.7% - 12.1% are located at promoter region (within 3 kb flanking transcription starting site), and 4.62% - 8.88% peaks are located within 1kb flanking transcription starting site. Also, in WT background, nkd1 and nkd2 single mutants have overall greater number of opening regions (upregulated peaks) than closing regions (downregulated peaks), whereas nkd1,2 double mutant has similar number of opening and closing regions. In contrast, in o2-background, all nkd1, nkd2 and nkd1,2 mutants have greater number of closing than opening regions. This indicates that o2 may alter differential accessibility of nkd1, nkd2 single or nkd1,2 double mutants.

2023-10-09 | GSE214415 | GEO

Temporal single-cell transcriptomic profiling of cardiac differentiation in human induced pluripotent stem cells with NOTCH1 mutations

Project description:Pathological variants in NOTCH1 have been implicated in multiple types of congenital heart defects including bicuspid aortic valve and hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). To probe how NOTCH1 deficiency affects cardiac development, we generated homozygous NOTCH1 knockout (N1KO) human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We then ran single-cell RNA-seq to temporally profile transcriptomic changes during cardiac differentiation in wild type (WT) and N1KO iPSCs. We collected differentiating cells at multiple time points corresponding to different development stages, i.e., Day 0 (D0: pluripotent stem cell), D2 (mesoderm), D5 (cardiac mesoderm), D10 (cardiac progenitor), D14 (early cardiomyocyte), and D30 (fetal cardiomyocyte). Single-cell transcriptomics analysis reveals that NOTCH1 disruption impairs human ventricular cardiomyocyte differentiation and proliferation through balancing cell fate determination of cardiac mesoderm toward the first heart field, second heart field, and epicardial lineages.

2022-12-21 | GSE196632 | GEO

Prolonged fasting and refeeding modifies the proteome of slow-twitch skeletal muscle fibres in Piaractus mesopotamicus

Project description: In fish, the slow-twitch skeletal muscle fibres have an oxidative metabolism, present peripherical location in the red muscle, and are used for sustained movements. They may respond to alterations in food availability differently than the fast-twitch muscle. The aim of this manuscript was to study the slow-twitch muscle fibres of Piaractus Mesopotamicus, a neotropical fish, submitted to 30 days of fasting (D30) followed by one day (D31) or 30 days of refeeding (D60). The treated animals were compared with regularly fed fish. To verify the presence of atrophy and hypertrophy, we performed histological analysis of muscle fibre diameter in D30 and D60, and RT-qPCR gene expression analysis of catabolic (murfa, murfb, mafbx) and anabolic genes (igf-1, mTOR) in D30, D31 and D60. The gene expression of the allergen and Ca2+-carrier parvalbumin (pvalb) was also measured in D30, D31 and D60. The proteome of slow-twitch fibres at D30 and D60 was obtained by shotgun proteomics (digestion of proteins with trypsin followed by LC-MS/MS identification), and the proteins differentially expressed were used to construct protein interaction networks. The histological analysis showed no difference between treated fish in relation to the control. The expression of catabolic and anabolic genes was not changed, except for the negative regulation of igf-1 in D30 and of mtor in D31. The expression of pvalb was not changed in D30 and D60, but it was decreased in D31. The proteomic analysis identified 169 proteins in D30 (24 upregulated and 18 downregulated) and 170 proteins in D60 (17 upregulated and 21 downregulated). Many of them were related to energetic metabolism, including lipid metabolism, as shown by the protein network analysis. These results enlarge our understanding of the acclimation of slow-twitch fibres to changes in nutrient availability and set a path for future research.

2019-11-28 | PXD014320 | Pride

Micrococcal nuclease sequencing analysis for nucleosome localization of mouse fetal liver erythroblasts

Project description:Nucleosomal DNA was prepared using Simple ChIP Enzymatic Chromatin IP Kit according to manufacturer’s instruction. Briefly, Nuclei were isolated from purified Ter119 negative or in vitro cultured erythroblasts. Cross-linked native chromatin was then digested with MNase into mononucleosomal DNA. Sequencing libraries were generated from nucleosomal DNA, and sequencing was carried out using the Illumina system according to the manufacturer’s specification. In this study, we purified chromatin from in vitro cultured mouse fetal liver erythroblasts on day 0, day 1, and day 2. The chromatins were digested by micrococcal nuclease to make mononucleosomal products, which were further analyzed by next generation sequencing analysis. We aim to determine the dynamic changes of nucleosome during terminal erythropoiesis.

2014-10-01 | E-GEOD-55825 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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