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Cocoa polyphenols and fiber modify colonic gene expression in rats

ABSTRACT: Cocoa intake has been associated with health benefits, improving cardiovascular function and metabolism, as well as modulating intestinal immune function. The aim of this study was to take an in-depth look into the mechanisms affected by the cocoa intake by evaluating the colonic gene expression after nutritional intervention, and to ascertain the role of the fiber of cocoa in these effects. To achieve this, Wistar rats were fed for 3-weeks with either a reference diet, a diet containing 10% cocoa (C10), a diet based on cocoa fiber (CF) or a diet containing inulin (I). At the end of the study, colon was excised to obtain the RNA to evaluate the differential gene expression by microarray. Results were validated by RT-PCR. The C10 group was the group with most changes in colonic gene expression, most of them down-regulated but a few in common with the CF diet. The C10 diet significantly up-regulated the expression of Scgb1a1 and Scnn1g and down-regulated Tac4, Mcpt2, Fcer1a and Fabp1 by twofold, most of them related to lipid metabolism and immune function. The CF and I diets down-regulated the expression of Serpina10 and Apoa4 by twofold. Similar patterns of expression were found by PCR. Cocoa consumption down-regulated genes related to the immune system (B cell and mast cell functionality), lipid metabolism in the colon tissue. Most of the beneficial effects attributed to cocoa were due not only to its fiber content, but also to the possible contribution of polyphenols and other compounds.

ORGANISM(S): Rattus norvegicus

PROVIDER: GSE70950 | GEO | 2017/07/09

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA290004

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:The aim of this study was to investigate whether long term intake of pea fiber would improve colonic barrier, bacterial profile and alter colonic gene expression using DNA microarray. Fifty weaned pigs were randomly allocated into 2 groups receiving control and fibrous diet with inclusion of pea fiber from weaning age until d 160. The two diets had similar nutrient levels. Pigs fed pea fiber diet (PF diet) had markedly decreased overall average daily feed intake (ADFI) and Feed:Gain in growing and finishing period (P<0.05). In addition, long term intake of PF diet induced deeper crypt (+50 %, P<0.05), increased protein expression of colonic mucin and sIgA (+13～16 %, P<0.05). Resulting from the increased lactobacillus content (P<0.05), moreover, pigs fed PF diet had significantly higher concentration of colonic total short chain fatty acid (SCFA) and acetic acid. DNA microarray results indicated that feeding PF diet induced alterations in the expression of colonic cancer, immune response and lipid metabolism-related genes, as well as genes involved in signal pathway such as intestinal immune network for IgA production, PPAR signaling pathway and nutrient metabolism-related pathways. Collectively, our results suggested that long term intake of PF diet would improve colonic health via altering colonic bacteria profile, colonic barriers, immune and metabolism related protein or gene expressions. A total of 50 weaned pigs (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire, initial body weight: 7.2±0.5 kg) were randomly allocated to 2 groups with 5 pens each group and 5 pig each pen. Pigs were fed control (Control) and fibrous diets (10～20 % inclusion of pea fiber, PF) from weaning at 28 day to 160 day-old-age, which is subjected to phase feeding by weaning diet (weaning to d 30 post-weaning), growing diet (d 30～90 postweaning) and finishing diet (d 90～160 postweaning) according to their physiological stage. At d 160 postweaning, four pigs each group were selected to be slaughtered for collection of colonic tissues and DNA microarray was applied to the colonic tissues for analysis of gene expression.

Project description:To investigate effects of long-term intake of RPS on gene expression in the colon and liver of pigs,thirty-six Duroc × Landrace × Large White growing barrows were randomly allocated to corn starch (CS) and RPS groups. Each group consisted of six replicates (pens), with three pigs per pen. Pigs in the CS group were offered a corn/soybean-based diet, while pigs in the RPS group were put on a diet in which 230 g/kg (growing period) or 280 g/kg (finishing period) purified corn starch was replaced with purified RPS during a 100-day trial. Liver transcriptomic results showed that the expression of CD36, CPT1B and ACADM was down-regulated, while AGPAT4, GPAT, FABP1 and FABP3 were up-regulated by the RPS diet, indicating a decrease in fatty acid intake and synthesis, and an increase in fatty acid oxidation and glycerophospholipid synthesis.Analysis of the colonic transcriptome profiles revealed that the RPS diet changed the colonic expression profile of the host genes mainly involved in immune response pathways. RPS significantly increased proinflammartory cytokine IL-1? gene expression and suppressed genes involved in lysosome. Thirty-six Duroc × Landrace × Large White growing barrows (70 days of age, 23.78 ± 1.87 kg) were randomly allocated to two groups, each group consisting of three pigs per pen, and six replicates. Pigs in the control group were offered a corn/soybean-based diet, while 230 g/kg purified corn starch (CS) was replaced with purified RPS in the RPS diet group. Diets were formulated according to the nutrient requirements of the National Research Council (1998). When animals reached the age of 120 days, diets were adapted to the nutrient requirements of the animals (finishing diet) and the amount of purified starch increased to 280 g of CS or RPS per kilogram of feed. Pigs had unlimited access to feed and water throughout the experimental period, which consisted of two 50-day trials in which the pigs consumed the growing diet (days 0-50) and finishing diet (days 51-100), respectively. On day 100, one pig from each replicate that met the target slaughter weight (105 to 110 kg) was slaughtered. The liver and colonic mucosa tissues were collected and preserved in liquid nitrogen for gene expression analysis.

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Cocoa polyphenols and fiber modify colonic gene expression in rats

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