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Genome-wide gene expression analysis of FAF1 silencing in HeLa cells

ABSTRACT: This study is designed to examine the cellular functions of human Fas-associated factor 1 (FAF1) containing multiple ubiquitin-related domains. Microarray analyses revealed that interferon stimulated genes related to antiviral response are significantly increased in FAF1 knocked down HeLa cells. Silencing FAF1 enhanced the poly I:C and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) induced productions of type I interferons (IFNs), the target gene of interferon regulator factor 3 (IRF3). IRF3 is a key transcription factor in IFNβ signaling responsible for host innate immune response. This study also found that FAF1 and IRF3 physically associate with IPO5/importin-β3 and that overexpression of FAF1 reduces the interaction between IRF3 and IPO5/importin-β3. These findings suggest that FAF1 negatively regulates IRF3-mediated IFNβ production and antiviral innate immune response via regulating nuclear translocation of IRF3. We conclude that FAF1 plays a novel role negatively regulating virus-induced IFNβ production and antiviral response by inhibiting the translocation of active phosphorylated IRF3 from cytosol to nucleus.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE71665 | GEO | 2016/01/29

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA291761

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:The goal of this analysis was to utilize microarray profiling to identify basal alterations in gene expression in response to TFAM depletion and mtDNA stress. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is normally present at thousands of copies per cell and is packaged into several hundred higher-order structures termed nucleoids. The abundant mtDNA-binding protein, TFAM (transcription factor A,mitochondrial), regulates nucleoid architecture, abundance and segregation. Complete mtDNA depletion profoundly impairs oxidative phosphorylation, triggering calcium-dependent stress signalling and adaptive metabolic responses. However, the cellular responses to mtDNA instability, a physiologically relevant stress observed in many human diseases and ageing, remain poorly defined. Here we show that moderate mtDNA stress elicited by TFAM deficiency engages cytosolic antiviral signalling to enhance the expression of a subset of interferon-stimulated genes. Mechanistically, we find that aberrant mtDNA packaging promotes escape of mtDNA into the cytosol, where it engages the DNA sensor cGAS (also known as MB21D1) and promotes STING (also known as TMEM173)–IRF3-dependent signalling to elevate interferon-stimulated gene expression, potentiate type I interferon responses and confer broad viral resistance. Furthermore, we demonstrate that herpesviruses induce mtDNA stress, which enhances antiviral signalling and type I interferon responses during infection. Our results further demonstrate that mitochondria are central participants in innate immunity, identify mtDNA stress as a cell-intrinsic trigger of antiviral signaling and suggest that cellular monitoring of mtDNA homeostasis cooperates with canonical virus sensing mechanisms to fully engage antiviral innate immunity. Murine embryonic fibroblasts were isolated from wild-type or Tfam+/- E13.5 littermate embryos. RNA from passage-matched wild-type and Tfam+/- MEF lines was extracted in duplicate and hybridized onto Affymetrix microarrays. Four arrays were performed in total with two technical replicates per genotype.

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Genome-wide gene expression analysis of FAF1 silencing in HeLa cells

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