Motivated cocaine seeking lead to transgenerational epigenetic inheritance of vulnerability to cocaine addiction
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Rattus norvegicus
PROVIDER: GSE72401 | GEO | 2017/03/17
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA293970
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Despite addiction being one of the most prevalent and debilitating disorders worldwide, effective treatments are lacking. Repeated cocaine exposure induces maladaptive transcriptional regulation within the brainâ??s reward circuitry, such as the nucleus accumbens (NAc), and epigenetic mechanisms, such as histone acetylation or methylation on Lys (K) residues, have been linked to these lasting actions of cocaine. However, in contrast to K methylation, the functional role of histone Arg (R) methylation remains unexplored in addiction models and poorly understood in brain in general. Here we show that protein-R-methyltransferase-6 (PRMT6) and its associated histone mark, asymmetric dimethylation of R2 on histone H3 (H3R2me2a), are decreased in the NAc of mice and rats after repeated cocaine exposure, as well as in the NAc of cocaine-addicted humans. PRMT6 downregulation occurs selectively in NAc medium spiny neurons expressing dopamine D2 receptors (D2-MSNs) and serves to protect against cocaine-induced addictive-like behavioral abnormalities. Using ChIP-seq, we demonstrate that reduced H3R2me2a binding at gene targets in NAc after repeated cocaine is strongly correlated with increased binding of H3K4me3, and identify Src kinase signaling inhibitor 1 (Srcin1 or p140Cap) as a key gene for these chromatin modifications. Cocaine induction of Srcin1 in NAc, which is associated with reduced Src signaling, decreases cocaine reward, the motivation to self administer cocaine, and cocaine-induced changes in NAc MSN dendritic spines. These results suggest that this suppression of Src signaling in NAc D2-MSNs, via PRMT6 and H3R2me2a downregulation, functions as a homeostatic brake to restrain cocaine action, and provide novel candidates for the development of new treatments for cocaine addiction. H3R2me2A ChIP-seq of mouse. Cocaine vs Saline, 3 biological replicates.
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Project description:<p>This project characterizes DNA methylation and gene expression changes that occur in the human brain, specifically in neurons from the rostral striatum. Major advances from NIDA funded initiatives for noninvasive neuroimaging studies have made it possible to study neuroanatomical, neurochemical and functional changes in the human brain that contribute to the vulnerability to abuse drugs, together with the neurotoxic consequences of years of drug misuse. Animal models have been developed to explain the fundamental behavioral and biological mechanisms of addiction, including reward, tolerance and dependence. From these studies, we learned that cocaine abuse not only alters the epigenetic status of genes, but also induces particular epigenetic modifications depending on the frequency of the drug's administration. Certain genes are switched on by infrequent (short-term exposure) administration, while others are switched on only after chronic administration (addiction/dependence). Animal studies have also suggested that cocaine-seeking habits modeling chronic cocaine addiction in humans depend upon dopamine-dependent serial connectivity linking the ventral (nucleus accumbens) with the dorsal striatum (caudate nucleus). The primary goal of this study is to identify DNA methylation and gene expression changes that occur in the transition from recreational cocaine use to cocaine addiction. High throughput sequencing studies were designed to investigate unique postmortem human brain specimens from individuals that met criteria for cocaine dependence, as compared to unaffected age-matched controls.</p> <p>Brain biospecimens were available from the University of Miami Brain Endowment BankTM, from a collection of phenotypically well-characterized postmortem tissues sampled from chronic cocaine abusers that came to autopsy. This biobank of postmortem brain specimens and annotated genomic data serve as a research resource to support NIDA's scientific mission.</p>
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Project description:Maintenance of the drug-addicted state involves changes in gene expression in different neuronal cell types and neural circuits. Midbrain dopamine neurons in particular mediate numerous responses to drugs of abuse. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate CNS gene expression through a variety of mechanisms, but very little is known about their role in drug abuse. The proportion of lncRNAs that are primate-specific provides a strong rationale for their study in human drug abusers. We examined the profile of lncRNA expression in postmortem human midbrain specimens from chronic cocaine abusers and well-matched control subjects (n=11 subject pairs) using a custom lncRNA microarray. Differential expression was validated by quantitative PCR, and cellular localization investigated by in situ hybridization histochemistry.A profile of lncRNAs significantly dysregulated in chronic cocaine abusers was determined. LncRNAs with dopamine cell-specific expression, differential subcellular distribution, covariance with protein-coding genes, and tissue-specific drug-responsiveness were identified. Dysregulation of midbrain lncRNA expression may reflect pathophysiological processes associated with chronic cocaine abuse. LncRNAs may be central mediators of cellular responses to drug abuse. cRNAs were generated from postmortem human midbrain specimens from chronic cocaine abusers and well-matched control subjects and hybridized to a custom Agilent 4 x 44,000-feature high-density oligonucleotide microarray platform using 60-mer probes. Cocaine control pairs were run together in a dye-flip two-color design, meaning each sample was run in quadruplicate, twice with each dye (Alexa-647 and Alexa-555; Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA). Microarray slides were scanned with the default Agilent protocol and the intensity of fluorescence between dyes was normalized using a Loess correction. There are 7 probes per gene. Data across all cases and quadruplicates were quantile-normalized.
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Project description:Maintenance of the drug-addicted state involves changes in gene expression in different neuronal cell types and neural circuits. Midbrain dopamine neurons in particular mediate numerous responses to drugs of abuse. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate CNS gene expression through a variety of mechanisms, but very little is known about their role in drug abuse. The proportion of lncRNAs that are primate-specific provides a strong rationale for their study in human drug abusers. We examined the profile of lncRNA expression in postmortem human midbrain specimens from chronic cocaine abusers and well-matched control subjects (n=11 subject pairs) using a custom lncRNA microarray. Differential expression was validated by quantitative PCR, and cellular localization investigated by in situ hybridization histochemistry.A profile of lncRNAs significantly dysregulated in chronic cocaine abusers was determined. LncRNAs with dopamine cell-specific expression, differential subcellular distribution, covariance with protein-coding genes, and tissue-specific drug-responsiveness were identified. Dysregulation of midbrain lncRNA expression may reflect pathophysiological processes associated with chronic cocaine abuse. LncRNAs may be central mediators of cellular responses to drug abuse.
2015-07-04 | GSE67281 | GEO
Project description:Despite addiction being one of the most prevalent and debilitating disorders worldwide, effective treatments are lacking. Repeated cocaine exposure induces maladaptive transcriptional regulation within the brain’s reward circuitry, such as the nucleus accumbens (NAc), and epigenetic mechanisms, such as histone acetylation or methylation on Lys (K) residues, have been linked to these lasting actions of cocaine. However, in contrast to K methylation, the functional role of histone Arg (R) methylation remains unexplored in addiction models and poorly understood in brain in general. Here we show that protein-R-methyltransferase-6 (PRMT6) and its associated histone mark, asymmetric dimethylation of R2 on histone H3 (H3R2me2a), are decreased in the NAc of mice and rats after repeated cocaine exposure, as well as in the NAc of cocaine-addicted humans. PRMT6 downregulation occurs selectively in NAc medium spiny neurons expressing dopamine D2 receptors (D2-MSNs) and serves to protect against cocaine-induced addictive-like behavioral abnormalities. Using ChIP-seq, we demonstrate that reduced H3R2me2a binding at gene targets in NAc after repeated cocaine is strongly correlated with increased binding of H3K4me3, and identify Src kinase signaling inhibitor 1 (Srcin1 or p140Cap) as a key gene for these chromatin modifications. Cocaine induction of Srcin1 in NAc, which is associated with reduced Src signaling, decreases cocaine reward, the motivation to self administer cocaine, and cocaine-induced changes in NAc MSN dendritic spines. These results suggest that this suppression of Src signaling in NAc D2-MSNs, via PRMT6 and H3R2me2a downregulation, functions as a homeostatic brake to restrain cocaine action, and provide novel candidates for the development of new treatments for cocaine addiction.
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Project description:Changes in gene expression contribute to the long-lasting regulation of the brain's reward circuitry seen in drug addiction, however, the specific genes regulated and the transcriptional mechanisms underlying such regulation remain poorly understood. Here, we used chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with promoter microarray analysis to characterize genome-wide epigenetic changes in the mouse nucleus accumbens, a crucial brain reward region, after repeated cocaine administration. Our findings reveal several interesting principles of gene regulation by cocaine and of the role of Î?FosB and CREB, two prominent cocaine-induced transcription factors, in this brain region. Mice were treated with cocaine or saline. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was performed for acetylated histone H3 and H4 as described previously (Kumar et al., 2005) with minor modifications. Immunoprecipitated DNA was amplified via ligation-mediated PCR and hybridized to Nimblgen mouse MM5 promoter arrays. 2 biological replicates per condition.
2010-05-18 | E-GEOD-16183 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Changes in gene expression contribute to the long-lasting regulation of the brain's reward circuitry seen in drug addiction, however, the specific genes regulated and the transcriptional mechanisms underlying such regulation remain poorly understood. Here, we used chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with promoter microarray analysis to characterize genome-wide epigenetic changes in the mouse nucleus accumbens, a crucial brain reward region, after repeated cocaine administration. Our findings reveal several interesting principles of gene regulation by cocaine and of the role of Î?FosB and CREB, two prominent cocaine-induced transcription factors, in this brain region. Mice were treated with cocaine or saline. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was performed for methylated histone H3 lysine 9 and 27, â??FosB, and phospho-CREB as described previously (Kumar et al., 2005) with minor modifications. Immunoprecipitated DNA was amplified via ligation-mediated PCR and hybridized to Nimblgen mouse MM8 promoter arrays. 2-3 biological replicates per condition.
2010-05-18 | E-GEOD-16184 | biostudies-arrayexpress