Direct regulation of alternative splicing by SMAD3 through interaction with PCBP1 is essential for the tumor-promoting role of TGF-beta
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE72419 | GEO | 2016/10/25
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:To assess the global impact of TGF-beta on alternative splicing, we conducted RNA-seq of total RNAs isolated from various lines of HeLa cells that were generated for this study and treated without or with TGF-beta and EGF. Using rMAT tool from the RNA-Seq data and annotation of transcripts in GTF format, we identified differential alternative splicing events between untreated and treated cell lines. Our study shows that the TGF-beta-mediated alternative splicing affects the protein products of a large number of genes enriched in pathways critical for EMT, cykeskeleton organization, and adherens junction signaling. PCBP1 was required for the most, if not all, alternative splicing events detected. SRA accession number: SRP061634, BioProject ID PRJNA290799. RNAs from Hela cells were treated with TGF-β and EGF, in triplicates and sequenced on HiSeq2000 with 2 samples pooled into one lane with Illumina TruSeq v3 chemistry.
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Project description:RNA-binding proteins participate in a complex array of post-transcriptional controls essential to cell-type specification and somatic development. Despite their detailed biochemical characterizations, the degree to which each RNA-binding protein impacts on mammalian embryonic development remains incompletely defined and the level of functional redundancy among subsets of these proteins remains open to question. The poly-(C) binding proteins, Pcbp's (aCPs, hnRNPEs), are encoded by a highly conserved and broadly expressed gene family. The two major Pcbp isoforms, Pcbp2 and Pcbp1, are robustly expressed in a wide range of tissues and exert both nuclear and cytoplasmic controls over gene expression. Here we report that Pcbp1-null embryos are rendered nonviable in the peri-implantation stage. In contrast, Pcbp2-null embryos survive until mid-gestation at which time they undergo a loss in viability associated with cardiovascular and hematopoietic abnormalities. Adult mice heterozygous for either Pcbp1 or Pcbp2 null alleles display a mild and non-disruptive growth defect. These data reveal that Pcbp1 and Pcbp2 are individually essential for mouse embryonic development and post-natal growth, reveal a non-redundant in vivo role for Pcpb2 in hematopoiesis, and provide direct evidence that Pcbp1, a retrotransposed derivative of Pcpb2, has evolved essential function(s) in the mammalian genome. mRNA-seq on fetal liver tissue from 12.5 days post coitum. 4 replicates of WT and 3 replicates of PCBP2 Knockout
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Project description:Iron deposition is frequently observed in human autoinflammatory diseases, such as in the brain of patients with multiple sclerosis or in the synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis1-5. Yet, the functional outcome of excessive iron in inflammatory conditions is largely unknown. Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a proinflammatory cytokine promoting myeloid cell maturation and activation6 and is essential for the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases, including autoimmune encephalomyelitis7-10. Post-transcriptional regulation of GM-CSF is mediated primarily through its 3’ untranslated region (3’UTR) via interaction with specific RNA-binding proteins11. Here we show that a RNA-binding protein PCBP1 senses intracellular iron and post-transcriptionally promotes GM-CSF production. In a short hairpin (sh) RNA screening, we found that Poly(rC) binding protein 1 (PCBP1) enhanced GM-CSF 3’UTR activity and its endogenous mRNA stability. PCBP1 deficiency in autoreactive T cells resulted in a compromised production of GM-CSF and other proinflammatory cytokines, abolishing their capacity in inducing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis. Using Crosslinking and Immunoprecipitation (CLIP)12, we demonstrated that PCBP1 promoted mRNA stability by recognizing CU rich elements in the 3’UTRs of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, iron depletion induced rapid caspase-mediated proteolysis of PCBP1 and inhibited the production of GM-CSF and a module of 24 cytokines in primary murine and human T cells. Our study thus demonstrates that PCBP1 is critical for the post-transcriptional regulation of proinflammatory cytokines, and indicates that sensing iron may represent a simple yet effective means to adjust the inflammatory response to tissue homeostatic alterations.
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Project description:Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta induces apoptosis of many types of cancer cells and acts as a tumor suppressor. We found lower expression of TGF-beta type II receptor (TbRII) in most of SCLC cells and tissues than in normal lung epithelial cells and normal lung tissues, respectively. In vitro cell growth and in vivo tumor formation were suppressed by TGF-beta-mediated apoptosis when the wild-type TbRII was overexpressed in SCLC cells. We therefore determined Smad2 and Smad3 (Smad2/3) binding sites in a SCLC cell line H345 stably expressing exogenous TbRII (H345-TbRII) to identify target genes of TGF-beta. Smad2 and Smad3 binding sites in H345-TbRII cells were determined by ChIP-seq (one sample analysis, without replicates).
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Project description:Iron deposition is frequently observed in human autoinflammatory diseases, such as in the brain of patients with multiple sclerosis or in the synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis1-5. Yet, the functional outcome of excessive iron in inflammatory conditions is largely unknown. Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a proinflammatory cytokine promoting myeloid cell maturation and activation6 and is essential for the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases, including autoimmune encephalomyelitis7-10. Post-transcriptional regulation of GM-CSF is mediated primarily through its 3’ untranslated region (3’UTR) via interaction with specific RNA-binding proteins11. Here we show that a RNA-binding protein PCBP1 senses intracellular iron and post-transcriptionally promotes GM-CSF production. In a short hairpin (sh) RNA screening, we found that Poly(rC) binding protein 1 (PCBP1) enhanced GM-CSF 3’UTR activity and its endogenous mRNA stability. PCBP1 deficiency in autoreactive T cells resulted in a compromised production of GM-CSF and other proinflammatory cytokines, abolishing their capacity in inducing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis. Using Crosslinking and Immunoprecipitation (CLIP)12, we demonstrated that PCBP1 promoted mRNA stability by recognizing CU rich elements in the 3’UTRs of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, iron depletion induced rapid caspase-mediated proteolysis of PCBP1 and inhibited the production of GM-CSF and a module of 24 cytokines in primary murine and human T cells. Our study thus demonstrates that PCBP1 is critical for the post-transcriptional regulation of proinflammatory cytokines, and indicates that sensing iron may represent a simple yet effective means to adjust the inflammatory response to tissue homeostatic alterations.
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Project description:Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta induces apoptosis of many types of cancer cells and acts as a tumor suppressor. We found lower expression of TGF-beta type II receptor (TbRII) in most of SCLC cells and tissues than in normal lung epithelial cells and normal lung tissues, respectively. In vitro cell growth and in vivo tumor formation were suppressed by TGF-beta-mediated apoptosis when the wild-type TbRII was overexpressed in SCLC cells. We therefore determined Smad2 and Smad3 (Smad2/3) binding sites in a SCLC cell line H345 stably expressing exogenous TbRII (H345-TbRII) to identify target genes of TGF-beta.
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Project description:In this study, we cloned and constitutively overexpressed PCBP-1 in rat PC12 cells. RNA-seq was performed to analyze PCBP-1-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and alternative splicing events (ASEs) between control and PCBP1-overexpressed cells. GO and KEGG pathway analyses were performed to identify functional DEGs and alternatively spliced genes. Consequently, we validated PCBP-1-regulated genes using RT-qPCR.Overexpression of PCBP-1 widely regulated the ASE and expression of genes enriched in neuroinflammation and protein ubiquitination, which were also associated with PD pathogenesis. Moreover, RT-qPCR assay verified the PCBP-1-modulated expression of neuroinflammatory genes, like LCN-2, and alternative splicing (AS) of ubiquitination-related gene WWP-2
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