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Detection of differentially expressed genes in Day 30 embryos during gestation in primiparous (PP) sow with different intermittent suckling and breeding strategies

ABSTRACT: Transcriptional profiling of Day 30 embryos (D30E) was performed. First parity sows were submitted to an ovulation-induction protocol, intermittent suckling (IS), during lactation. IS consisted of 8 h/d separation from their litters during the last 7d of a 28d lactation. During separation, sows received boar exposure. There were 3 treatments: control (C28, n=19), where piglets were weaned at D28 of lactation and were bred after weaning and two IS treatments: sows were either bred at their first induced estrus during lactation (IS21FE, n=18), or were “skipped” and bred at their second estrus (IS21SE, n= 17) which occurred after final weaning at D28. Sows were slaughtered and embryos were collected on D30 of gestation for DNA PCR sexing. Later, D30E from the same sex with similar weight were pooled for further microarray investigation.

ORGANISM(S): Sus scrofa

PROVIDER: GSE73020 | GEO | 2015/09/16

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA296021

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Background: While the mechanisms underlying the lactation-induced adaptations of intermediary metabolism and immune response have been extensively studied in rodents and dairy cows, little is known in this regard in sows. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the lactation-induced changes in hepatic gene expression in sows during lactation. Results: Using a porcine whole-genome microarray a total of 632 differentially expressed genes in the liver of lactating compared to non-lactating sows (each n = 10) could be identified. Enrichment analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in fatty acid metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, glutathione metabolism, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, citrate cycle, glycerophospholipid metabolism, PPAR signaling, nitrogen metabolism, and focal adhesion. The most striking observation with respect to intermediary metabolism was that genes involved in fatty acid catabolism, the catabolism of gluconeogenic amino acids, the citrate cycle and the respiratory chain were up-regulated in the liver of sows during lactation. With respect to immune response, it could be demonstrated that genes encoding acute phase proteins and genes involved in tissue repair were up-regulated and genes encoding focal adhesion molecules were down-regulated in the liver of sows during lactation. Conclusion: The results from this study indicate that energy-generating pathways and pathways involved in the delivery of gluconeogenic substrates are induced in the liver of sows during lactation. The alterations of expression of genes encoding proteins involved in immune response suggest that lactation in sows may cause an adaptive immune response which possibly counteracts hepatic inflammation. For microarray analyses, four RNA pools each, for the non-lactating group (n = 4) and the lactating group (n = 4), were prepared from eight individual sows per group. To each RNA pool, RNA from two different sows per group contributed identical amounts of RNA.

Project description:A better understanding of impacts of nutrition during pre- weaning and post- weaning period is needed in order to design feeding strategies that optimize lifetime productivity. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were three-fold: to evaluate nutrition-induced changes of 1) growth from birth to first calving in heifers, 2) its impact on first-lactation milk yield and composition and 3) evaluate nutrition-induced changes in gene expression of mammary gland in Parda de Montaña heifers. Sixteen Parda de Montaña heifers, were randomly but equally assigned at birth to one of four management strategies, in a 2 x 2 factorial experiment. In the pre-weaning period (0-6 months of age), all the heifers suckled their dams twice daily for 30 minutes. Half of the heifers (n=8) were supplemented a starter concentrate (CON) while the other half only had access to their dam’s milk (NOCON). In the post-weaning period (6-15 months), half of the heifers of each pre-weaning feeding treatment received alfalfa hay ad libitum plus concentrates, with a different forage to concentrate ratio (F:C), 67:33 (67F:33C) or 87:13 (87F:13C). Plasma metabolites and hormones concentration at weaning was determined, and cows and their calves weigh was recorded once/week throughout the first lactation, and their ADG was calculated. Milk composition and quantity was determined during the first 4 months of lactation. Mammary tissue samples were taken by biopsy at weaning at the end of first lactation. RNA mammary gland samples (n=16, 8 samples from each treatment) were analyzed by using Bovine Gene 1.1 ST Array Strip. The results of the present study showed that heifers that received concentrate during pre- weaning period had greater BW at weaning when compared to NOCON heifers. Concentrate supplementation during the pre-weaning period increased heifers’ weight gains in the pre-weaning period (P < 0.001) but decreased weight gains in the post-weaning period (P < 0.01) and during pregnancy (P < 0.05). In addition, CON cows had lower milk production throughout the 4 months of the first lactation when compared with NOCON (P < 0.01). Moreover CON cows had decreased milk crude protein, crude fat, lactose, extract and casein content in their first lactation. In addition, cows that received concentrate during pre- weaning period showed greater SCC at the third and fourth month of lactation. Different gene expression patterns were found between CON and NOCON animals. Overall, concentrate supplementation at pre- weaning resulted in up –regulation of genes related with immune response and chemokine activity, suggesting that these animals might be in a compromised immune status, probably being at greater risk to develop mastitis in the later periods.

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Detection of differentially expressed genes in Day 30 embryos during gestation in primiparous (PP) sow with different intermittent suckling and breeding strategies

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