Targeting sphingosine kinase by ABC294640 induces KSHV-infected endothelial cell autophagic death
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE74338 | GEO | 2016/11/01
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA300278
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Purpose: To characterize genome-wide microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles in the context of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)-induced oncogenesis using isogenic cell lines for a Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) xenograft model: KSHV-infected human endothelial cells (LTC) that form tumors with properties closely resembling KS lesions in nude mice and uninfected parental (TIVE) cells. Methods: miRNA expression profiles of LTC and TIVE cells were generated by deep sequencing using Illumina HiSeq 2500. The mappable reads were aligned to the human genome and miRBase using Bowtie. Results: We show, through global cellular miRNA transcriptome analysis, that KSHV infection has a profound impact on the host miRNA expression landscape, up-regulating multiple miRNAs with oncogenic roles while down-regulating many tumor suppressive miRNAs, thereby contributing to KS oncogenesis. In particular, we identify miR-127-3p as one of the most significantly down-regulated miRNAs in LTC and restoring this miRNA inhibits KSHV-induced transformation, proliferation and tumorigenesis. Conclusions: This study provides a detailed analysis of the cellular miRNA transcriptome in LTC and TIVE cells using small RNA sequencing technology. We identify significant dysregulation of cellular miRNAs with important oncogenic or tumor-suppressive functions that may be physiologically relevant to KSHV oncogenesis. Moreover, our results identify a previously unrecognized tumor suppressor function for miR-127-3p in KS, indicating that its restoration offers potential as a therapeutic intervention for KS.
2021-11-01 | GSE158936 | GEO
Project description:Purpose: To characterize genome-wide mRNA expression profiles in the context of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)-induced oncogenesis using isogenic cell lines for a Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) xenograft model: KSHV-infected human endothelial cells (LTC) that form tumors with properties closely resembling KS lesions in nude mice and uninfected parental (TIVE) cells. Methods: mRNA expression profiles of LTC and TIVE cells were generated by deep sequencing using Illumina. In addition, mRNA profiles of LTC transfected with miR-127-3p or negative control (NC) mimic were generated by deep sequencing. Results: We analyzed global transcriptome changes in LTC compared to TIVE cells and identified significant upregulation of many cell cycle and oncogenic signaling pathways. In addition, we assessed global transcriptome changes in LTC transfected with miR-127-3p mimic and found a significant decrease in the levels of E2F and Myc targets, indicating that miR-127-3p suppresses E2F and Myc transcriptional activities. Conclusions: This study provides a detailed analysis of the cellular transcriptome in LTC and TIVE cells using RNA sequencing technology. Our study identifies miR-127-3p as a potent tumor suppressor miRNA that acts as a negative regulator of the CDK-RB-E2F cell cycle signaling pathway and the oncogenic Myc network in the context of KSHV oncogenesis and establishes a strong rationale for developing this miRNA as a therapeutic agent against KS.
2021-11-01 | GSE158935 | GEO
Project description:KS lesions consist of endothelial cells latently infected with KSHV which express the KSHV miRNAs. Identifying the targets of the KSHV miRNAs will help us understand their role in viral oncogenesis. Cross-Linking and Sequencing of Hybrids (CLASH) is a method for unambiguously identifying miRNA targetomes. We developed a streamlined version of CLASH, called quick CLASH (qCLASH). qCLASH requires a lower initial input of cells than its parent protocol. Additionally, a new fast-growing KSHV-negative endothelial cell line, named TIVE-EX-LTC cells, was established. qCLASH was performed on TIVE-EX-LTC cells latently infected with WT KSHV or a mutant virus lacking miR-K12-11/11*. A number of novel targets of the KSHV miRNAs were identified, including targets of miR-K12-11, the ortholog of cellular oncomiR miR-155. Many of the miRNA targets were involved in processes related to oncogenesis, such as glycolysis, angiogenesis, and cell cycle control.
2018-01-25 | GSE101978 | GEO
Project description:Transfection of a Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) herpesvirus (KSHV) Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (KSHVBac36) into mouse bone marrow endothelial lineage cells generated a cell (mECK36) that induced KS-like tumors in mice. mECK36 formed KSHV-harboring vascularized spindle-cell sarcomas that were LANA+ and displayed a KSHV and host transcriptomes reminiscent of KS tumors. Experiment Overall Design: There are three biological replicates per sample. Tumors (mKS) were compared the the human KS signature. mECK36 and mEC-V were compared to putative BM lineage cells.
2008-06-14 | E-GEOD-6482 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Transfection of a Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) herpesvirus (KSHV) Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (KSHVBac36) into mouse bone marrow endothelial lineage cells generated a cell (mECK36) that induced KS-like tumors in mice. mECK36 formed KSHV-harboring vascularized spindle-cell sarcomas that were LANA+ and displayed a KSHV and host transcriptomes reminiscent of KS tumors. Keywords: Cell type comparison
2007-01-01 | GSE6482 | GEO
Project description:Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), is an AIDS-associated neoplasm caused by the KS herpesvirus (KSHV). A mouse model of KSHV-dependent tumorigenicity, allowed us to induce KSHV viral-episome loss following tumor development to test the plausibility of “hit and run” mechanism by KSHV. RNA-seq-transcriptome analysis and CpG-methylation were performed on KSHV positive cells, KSHV positive tumors and tumors that developed following viral-episome loss. During KSHV tumorigenesis, hypo-methylation was detected of oncogenic and differentiation pathways. In contrast, during tumorigenesis following KSHV-episome loss, a tendency towards hyper-methylation was detected. We found the same set of innate-immunity related mutations undetected in KSHV-infected cells but present in all KSHV-positive tumors, indicating that pre-existing host mutations that provide an in vivo growth advantage are clonally-selected and contribute to KSHV-tumorigenesis. We found de novo mutations related to cell proliferation that, together with the PDGFRAD842V, were responsible for driving tumorigenesis in absence of the KSHV-episomes. Virally-induced irreversible genetic and epigenetic oncogenic alteration supports the possibility of “hit and run” KSHV-sarcomagenesis consistent with the existence of LANA-negative spindle-cells in KS lesions.
2020-01-23 | GSE144101 | GEO
Project description:Viruses often establish persistent infections by interrupting immune cell responses. Sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2) generates sphingosine 1-phsophate, which is known to regulate versatile cellular processes, including immune responses. However, little is known about the role of SphK2 in the immune response to viral infections. Here, we demonstrate that during lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) clone 13 infection, a virus known to establish a persistent infection in mice, SphK2 functions to limit CD4+ T cell responses, which aids in the establishment of virus-induced immunosuppression and viral persistence. The infection of SphK2-deficient (Sphk2-/-) mice with LCMV resulted in kidney disease and ultimately mortality. Following infection, Sphk2-/- mice were shown to have increased LCMV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. With the use of LCMV epitope-specific TCR transgenic mouse lines in adoptive transfer studies, SphK2 was shown to have intrinsic negative function in CD4+ T cells, but not CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, Sphk2-/- CD4+ T cells were able to promote endogenous, virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses more efficiently than Sphk2+/+ CD4+ T cells. Our results suggest that SphK2 is a novel regulator of the immune response during LCMV clone 13 infection and targeting SphK2 may provide a promising immunotherapeutic strategy for the control of persistent viral infections. This study incorporated the use of RNA sequencing to determine what pathways SphK2 was involved in to affect CD4+ T cell activity and proliferation. Sphk2+/+ or Sphk2-/- LCMV epitope-recognizing tg CD4+ T cells were transferred into C57BL/6 mice and recovered 7 days following LCMV Cl 13 infection. RNA sequencing revealed several pathways upregulated in Sphk2-/- CD4+ T cells relating to cell cycle progression, regulation of transcription, and regulation of nucleic acid binding.
2020-10-29 | GSE155030 | GEO
Project description:The aging process is characterized by cellular functional decline and increased susceptibility to infections. Understanding the association between virus infection and aging is crucial for developing effective strategies against viral infections in older individuals. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection increases the risk of Kaposi's sarcoma, a vascular cancer prevalent among the elderly without HIV infection. However, the relationship between KSHV pathogenesis and cellular senescence remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that KSHV infectivity is significantly increased in senescent human endothelial cells due to enhanced binding of virions to cell surface. Proteomic analysis identified caveolin-1 and CD109 that promote KSHV infection and were significantly upregulated in senescent cells. In particular, CD109 is expressed on cell surface and directly interacts with KSHV virions to enhance KSHV infection. Knockout of CD109 abolished while overexpression of CD109 promote KSHV binding to cell surface, and infectivity. These results identify CD109 as a novel KSHV entry receptor that enhances KSHV infection in senescent cells, which might in part explain the higher sensitivity of elder subjects to KSHV infection and Kaposi's sarcoma.
2024-04-17 | PXD048212 | Pride
Project description:Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), is an AIDS-associated neoplasm caused by the KS herpesvirus (KSHV/ HHV-8). KSHV-sarcomagenesis is the consequence of oncogenic viral gene expression as well as host genetic and epigenetic alterations. Although KSHV is invariably found in all KS lesions, the percentage of KSHV-infected (LANA+) spindle-cells of the lesion is variable, suggesting the existence of paracrine oncogenic mechanisms and/or spindle cells that have lost KSHV. A mouse model of KSHVBac36-driven tumorigenesis allowed us to induce KSHV-episome loss before and after tumor development. Although cells that lose the KSHV episome prior to tumor formation lose their tumorigenicity, explanted KSHV positive tumor cells that lost the KSHV episome remained tumorigenic. This pointed to the existence of virally-induced irreversible oncogenic alterations occurring during KSHV-tumor formation that support the possibility of hit and run viral sarcomagenesis. RNA sequencing and CpG-methylation analysis were performed on KSHV positive and negative cells, KSHV positive and KSHV negative tumors that developed following KSHV-episome loss from explanted tumor cells. When KSHV positive cells form KSHV-driven tumors, along with viral-gene upregulation there is a tendency for hypo-methylation in genes from oncogenic and differentiation pathways. In contrast, KSHV-negative tumors formed after KSHV-episome loss, show a tendency towards gene hyper-methylation when compared to KSHV-positive tumors. Regarding occurrence of host-mutations, we found the same set of innate-immunity related mutations undetected in KSHV-infected cells but present in all KSHV positive tumors, indicating that pre-existing host mutations that provide an in vivo growth advantage are clonally-selected and contribute to KSHV-tumorigenesis. In addition, KSHV negative tumors display de novo mutations related to cell proliferation that, together with the PDGFRAD842V, were responsible for driving tumorigenesis in absence of the KSHV-episomes. KSHV-induced irreversible genetic and epigenetic oncogenic alterations support the possibility of “hit and run” KSHV-sarcomagenesis consistent with the presence of LANA-negative spindle-cells in KS lesions.
2020-04-16 | GSE148741 | GEO
Project description:The Kaposiâs Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiologic agent of several human cancers, including Kaposiâs Sarcoma (KS), which preferentially arise in immunocompromised patients but lack of effective therapeutic options. We have previously shown that KSHV or viral protein LANA can upregulate the glycoprotein CD147 (Emmprin) to induce primary endothelial cell invasiveness, which also requires PI3K/Akt and MAPK activation of VEGF production. In the current study, we first time identify the global network controlled by CD147 in KSHV-infected endothelial cells using Illumina microarray analysis. Among these downstream genes, ADAMTS1 and 9, two specific metalloproteases are strongly expressed in AIDS-KS tissues and contributed to KSHV-infected cell invasiveness through regulation of related cytokines production and respective receptors expression. By using a nude mice KS-like model, we found that targeting CD147 and downstream ADAMTSs proteins significantly suppressed KSHV-related tumorigenesis in vivo, which is potentially through impairing extracellular matrix (ECM) formation in tumor microenvironment. Taken together, we think that targeting CD147 and related proteins may represent a promising therapeutic strategy against KSHV-related malignancies. HUVEC cells were infected by KSHV or transduced by a CD147 recombinant adenoviral vector and the gene expression signature was compared to respective controls
2016-05-31 | E-GEOD-69067 | biostudies-arrayexpress