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Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH) reveals sex chromosome location and gene movement in stalk-eyed flies (family Diopsidae), Teleopsis quinqueguttata

ABSTRACT: We utilized Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH), using probes designed from de novo assembly of a testes transcriptome, to identify genes located on the sex chromosomes and autosomes of a stalk-eyed fly, Teleopsis quinqueguttata. Analysis of X chromosome gene content revealed the evolution of a neo-X chromosome that originated prior to the diversification of the family. Comparison of X-linkage across three species spanning the phylogenetic breadth of the family indicates abundant chromosomal gene movement, particularly for genes expressed exclusively in the testes.

ORGANISM(S): Teleopsis quinqueguttata

PROVIDER: GSE75872 | GEO | 2015/12/11

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA305583

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Background: Stalk-eyed flies (family Diopsidae) are a model system for studying sexual selection due to the presence of elongated and sexually dimorphic eye-stalks in many species. Recent genomic studies on these flies have revealed a neo-X chromosome and evidence of gene movement onto or off of this X chromosome. To determine if sex linkage and gene movement are related to sexual dimorphism and sexual conflict, we compared gene expression between males and females using oligonucleotide microarrays and RNA from either developing eyestalk tissue or adult heads from a dimorphic species, Teleopsis dalmanni, or from developing eyestalk tissue in a congeneric monomorphic species, T. quinqueguttata. Results: Comparison of gene expression between the sexes for 3,748 genes indicates that dosage compensation is present due to elevated expression of X-linked genes in males. However, sex-biased expression was detected in 26% of the genes present in eye-antennal imaginal discs of larval T. dalmanni. Functional annotation reveals that female-biased genes are associated with transcription, anatomical development and cell communication in the nucleus, while male-biased genes are associated with metabolism and the mitochondria. Comparison of gene expression between experiments identified 140 genes with concordant sex-biased expression in the larval and adult tissues of T. dalmanni and 17 genes with identical sex-biased expression between species. There were only five reversals of sex-biased expression across experiments. In T. dalmanni, male-biased genes are more common on autosomes than on the X while female-biased genes are more common on the X in T. quinqueguttata. Female-biased expression is especially common among genes that moved onto the ancestral X while male-biased expression is more common among genes that moved onto an autosome. Conclusions: Genes with sex-biased expression exhibit different functions in each sex as expected if sexual conflict has influenced their evolution. The strong relationship between sex-biased expression and gene movement found in this study is consistent with resolution of sexual conflict by an RNA- or DNA-mediated process that moves genes between chromosomes. Measurement of gene expression in additional species should provide a more complete picture of how gene expression change occurs over evolutionary time in these extraordinary flies. Two-condition experiment, female vs. male RNA using larval eye discs for two species (Teleopsis dalmanni, Teleopsis quinqueguttata), and adult heads for one species (Teleopsis dalmanni).

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Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH) reveals sex chromosome location and gene movement in stalk-eyed flies (family Diopsidae), Teleopsis quinqueguttata

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