Project description:Members of the Vibrionaceae family are often found associated with chitin-containing organisms and they are thought to play a major role in chitin degradation. The purpose of the present study was to determine how chitin affected the transcriptome and metabolome of two bioactive Vibrionaceae strains, Vibrio corallilyticus and Photobacterium galatheae. We focused on chitin degradation genes and secondary metabolites based on the assumption that these molecules in nature confer an advantage to the producer. Growth on chitin caused up-regulation of genes related to chitin metabolism and of genes potentially involved in host colonization and/or infection. The expression of genes involved in secondary metabolism was also significantly affected by growth on chitin, in one case being thirty-four folds upregulated. This was reflected in the metabolome, where the antibiotics andrimid and holomycin were produced in higher amounts on chitin. Interestingly, in cultures of P. galatheae grown on chitin we detected high amounts of the biogenic amine phenylethylamine. Overall, these results suggest that both V. coralliilyticus and P. galatheae have a specific lifestyle for growth on chitin, and that the secondary metabolites they produce are likely to play a crucial role during chitin colonization.
Project description:Members of the Vibrionaceae family are often found associated with chitin-containing organisms and they are thought to play a major role in chitin degradation. The purpose of the present study was to determine how chitin affected the transcriptome and metabolome of two bioactive Vibrionaceae strains, Vibrio corallilyticus and Photobacterium galatheae. We focused on chitin degradation genes and secondary metabolites based on the assumption that these molecules in nature confer an advantage to the producer. Growth on chitin caused up-regulation of genes related to chitin metabolism and of genes potentially involved in host colonization and/or infection. The expression of genes involved in secondary metabolism was also significantly affected by growth on chitin, in one case being thirty-four folds upregulated. This was reflected in the metabolome, where the antibiotics andrimid and holomycin were produced in higher amounts on chitin. Interestingly, in cultures of P. galatheae grown on chitin we detected high amounts of the biogenic amine phenylethylamine. Overall, these results suggest that both V. coralliilyticus and P. galatheae have a specific lifestyle for growth on chitin, and that the secondary metabolites they produce are likely to play a crucial role during chitin colonization.
Project description:Abstract: Chitin, an insoluble polymer of GlcNAc, is an abundant source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy for marine microorganisms. Microarray expression profiling and mutational studies of Vibrio cholerae growing on a natural chitin surface, or with the soluble chitin oligosaccharides (GlcNAc)(2-6), GlcNAc, or the glucosamine dimer (GlcN)2 identified three sets of differentially regulated genes. We show that (i) ChiS, a sensor histidine kinase, regulates expression of the (GlcNAc)(2-6) gene set, including a (GlcNAc)2 catabolic operon, two extracellular chitinases, a chitoporin, and a PilA-containing type IV pilus, designated ChiRP (chitin-regulated pilus) that confers a significant growth advantage to V. cholerae on a chitin surface; (ii) GlcNAc causes the coordinate expression of genes involved with chitin chemotaxis and adherence and with the transport and assimilation of GlcNAc; (iii) (GlcN)2 induces genes required for the transport and catabolism of nonacetylated chitin residues; and (iv) the constitutively expressed MSHA pilus facilitates adhesion to the chitin surface independent of surface chemistry. Collectively, these results provide a global portrait of a complex, multistage V. cholerae program for the efficient utilization of chitin. This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.