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Development and differentiation of early innate lymphoid progenitors

ABSTRACT: Early innate lymphoid progenitors (EILP) have recently been identified in the mouse adult bone marrow as a multipotential progenitor population committed to ILC lineages, but their relationship with other described ILC progenitors is still unclear. In this study, we examine the progenitor-successor relationships between EILP, IL-7R+ common lymphoid progenitors (ALP), and ILC precursors (ILCp). Bioinformatic, phenotypical, functional, and genetic approaches collectively establish EILP as an intermediate progenitor between ALP and ILCp. Our work additionally provides new candidate regulators of ILC development and clearly defines the stage of requirement of transcription factors key for early ILC development.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE81530 | GEO | 2017/11/15

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA321863

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Dynamic chromatin structure during early ILC progenitor differentiation

Project description:To characterize the epigenomes during early ILC progenitor differentiation, we did DNase-seq, CUT&RUN and scMNase-seq assays in all-lymphoid progenitor (ALP), early innate lymphoid progenitor (EILP), and innate lymphoid cell progenitor (ILCP) cells.

2019-05-30 | GSE128483 | GEO

Systemic human ILC precursors provide a substrate for tissue ILC differentiation

Project description:Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) represent innate versions of T helper and cytotoxic T cells that differentiate from committed ILC precursors (ILCP). Still, how ILCP relate to mature tissue-resident ILCs remains unclear. We observed that a population of CD117+ ILC from peripheral blood (PB) of healthy donors does not represent any conical ILC subset, but expressed marker (CD117) commonly expressed by hemato-lymphoid progenitors. We therefore hypothesized PB CD117+ ILC might include uncommitted lymphoid precursors. In order to further understand the identity of PB CD117+ ILC, we profiled the transcriptome of highly purified circulating CD117+ ILC compared to CD34+ HSC, the latter representing immature hematopoietic progenitors with multi-lineage potential. Clear differences in gene expression profiles emerged, with a large cluster of 1540 genes expressed at substantially higher levels in CD117+ ILC. In contrast, CD34+ HSC cells highly expressed genes involved in the broad development of diverse hematopoietic lineages. Compared to HSC, CD117+ ILC express high levels of TF that have been shown to be essential for murine ILC development and we did not detect transcripts characteristic of T and B cells development. Transcriptomic analysis suggested that CD117+ ILC represent lymphoid-biased progenitors carrying a TF expression profile resembling a multi-potent ILC precursor (ILCP).

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Systemic human ILC precursors provide a substrate for tissue ILC differentiation

Project description:Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) represent innate versions of T helper and cytotoxic T cells that differentiate from committed ILC precursors (ILCP). Still, how ILCP relate to mature tissue-resident ILCs remains unclear. We identify ILCP that are present in the blood and all tested lymphoid and non-lymphoid human tissues. Human ILCP fail to express the signature transcription factors (TF) and cytokine outputs of mature NK cells and ILCs but are epigenetically poised to do so. Human ILCP robustly generate all ILC subsets in vitro and in vivo. While human ILCP express RAR related orphan receptor C (RORC), circulating ILCP can be found in RORC-deficient patients that retain potential for EOMES+ NK cells, T-BET+ ILC1, GATA-3+ ILC2 and for IL-22+ but not for IL-17A+ ILC3. We propose a model of tissue ILC differentiation (‘ILC-poiesis’) whereby diverse ILC subsets are generated in situ from ILCP in response to environmental stressors, inflammation and infection.

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Project description:The functions of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in immune system are increasingly appreciated, whereas the early development of ILCs in human remains elusive. In this study, we sorted humanhematopoietic stem progenitor cells, lymphoid progenitors, presumed ILC progenitor/precursors and mature ILCs in the fetal hematopoietic, lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues, from 8 to 12 PCW,for single-cell RNA-sequencing, followed by computational analysis and functional validation. We delineated the early phase of ILC development, from hematopoietic stem progenitor cells to multipotent lymphoid progenitors and to ILC progenitors, which mainly occurred in fetal liver and intestine. We further unveiled interleukin-3 receptor alpha (IL-3RA) as the surface marker for the lymphoid progenitors with T cell, B cell and ILC potentials. Notably, we determined the heterogeneity and tissue distribution of each ILC subpopulation, revealing the shared proliferating characteristics of the precursors of each ILC subtype. Additionally, a novel unconventional ILC2 subpopulation (CRTH2-CCR9+ ILC2) was identified in fetal thymus. Taken together, our study illuminates the precise cellular and molecular features underlying the stepwise formation of human fetal ILC hierarchy with remarkable spatiotemporal heterogeneity.

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Transcription factor TCF1 is indispensable for the epigenetic priming of EILPs toward distinct cell fates

Project description:Differentiation of Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) from hematopoietic stem cells needs go through several progenitor stages defined by various cell surface markers. The progenitor populations at specific developmental stages may have multiple lineage potentials. However, it is not clear whether the multipotency of the progenitors are induced in situ by differentiation signals or are already predefined by epigenetic states. Here we report the profiling of genome-wide nucleosome position and chromatin accessibility simultaneously in ILC progenitors EILPs and ILCPs by single-cell MNase-Seq. We find that EILPs contain distinct sub-populations epigenetically primed toward either myeloid or ILC lineages, while ILCPs contain cells mainly primed for the ILC lineage at epigenetic level. We further demonstrate that the transcription factor TCF1 is indispensable for the epigenetic priming of lineage-defining sites (LDSs) for both myeloid lineages and ILC lineages at the EILP stage, and deletion of TCF1 results in the epigenetic priming that favors the myeloid lineages. Our results suggest that the multipotency of progenitor cells is defined by the existence of heterogeneous population of cells epigenetically primed for distinct downstream lineages, which are regulated by key transcription factors.

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Project description:Lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells are regarded as a subset of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). However, these cells are not derived from the ILC common progenitor, which generates other ILC subsets and is defined by the expression of the transcription factor PLZF. Here we examined transcription factor(s) determining the fate of LTi progenitor versus non-LTi ILC progenitor. Conditional deletion of Gata3 resulted in the loss of PLZF+ non-LTi progenitors but not the LTi progenitors that expressed the transcription factor RORγt. Consistently, PLZF+ non-LTi progenitors expressed high amounts of GATA3 whereas GATA3 expression was low in RORγt+ LTi progenitors. The generation of both progenitors required the transcriptional regulator Id2, which defines the common helper-like innate lymphoid progenitor, but not cytokine signaling. Nevertheless, low GATA3 expression was necessary for the generation of functionally mature LTi cells. Thus, differential expression of GATA3 determines the fates and functions of distinct ILC progenitors.

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