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Impact of HGFL-Ron signaling on breast cancer stem cell transcriptomic profiles.

ABSTRACT: Introduction: HGFL-Ron signaling is augmented in human breast cancer and is associated with poor overall prognosis. Here, we investigate the role of HGFL-Ron signaling in murine breast cancer stem cells (BCSC) through characterization of BCSC transcriptomes through RNA-sequencing, focusing on the impact of Ron knockdown through a short hairpin construct. Methods:R7 breas cancer cell lines were drived from mammary tumors in transgenic MMTV_Ron mice. They were sorted based on expression of cell surface markers indicative of lineage negative, CD29hi and CD24+ cells. Bulk R7, sorted cells, and sorted cells treated with shRon were submitted for transcriptomic characterization on the Illumina HiSeq 2500. High quality reads were aligned to the mm9 genome and quantified to generate RPKM. Results: Approximately 30 million reads were aligned to the mouse genome in each sample which corresponded to over 36000 transcripts. Of these, ~16000 were included in analysis. Conclusions: Differential expression analysis indicated that depletion of Ron markely reduces mammosphere formation and self-renewal, and highlighted by the decrease in B-catenin and NFKB pathways.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE81941 | GEO | 2017/10/31

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA323477

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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WT BMDM M2 vs RON TK- BMDM M2

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Project description:Introduction: HGFL-Ron signaling is augmented in human breast cancer and is associated with poor overall prognosis. Here, we investigate the role of HGFL-Ron signaling in RON-modulated human luminal A breast cancer cells T47D through RNA-sequencing, focusing on the impact of Ron knockdown through a short hairpin construct. Methods: non-targeting shRNA (shNT) and RON-targeting shRNA (shRON) were submitted for transcriptomic characterization on the Illumina HiSeq 2500. High quality reads were aligned to the hg19 genome and quantified to generate RPKM

2020-12-03 | GSE162532 | GEO

The RON receptor tyrosine kinase promotes metastasis by triggering epigenetic reprogramming through the thymine glycosylase MBD4 (Bisulfite-Seq)

Project description:Metastasis is the major cause of death in cancer patients, yet the genetic/epigenetic programs that drive metastasis are poorly understood. Here, we report a novel epigenetic reprogramming pathway that is required for breast cancer metastasis. Concerted differential DNA methylation is initiated by activation of the RON receptor tyrosine kinase by its ligand, macrophage stimulating protein (MSP). Through PI3K signaling, RON/MSP promotes expression of the G:T mismatch-specific thymine glycosylase MBD4. RON/MSP and MBD4-dependent aberrant DNA methylation results in misregulation of a specific set of genes. Knockdown of MBD4 reverses methylation at these specific loci, and blocks metastasis. We also show that the MBD4 glycosylase catalytic residue is required for RON/MSP-driven metastasis. Analysis of human breast cancers using a set of specific genes that are regulated by RON/MSP through MBD4-directed aberrant DNA methylation revealed that this epigenetic program is significantly associated with poor clinical outcome. Furthermore, inhibition of Ron kinase activity with a new pharmacological agent prevents activation of the RON/MBD4 pathway and blocks metastasis of patient-derived breast tumor grafts in vivo.

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The RON receptor tyrosine kinase promotes metastasis by triggering epigenetic reprogramming through the thymine glycosylase MBD4 (RNA-Seq)

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The RON receptor tyrosine kinase promotes metastasis by triggering epigenetic reprogramming through the thymine glycosylase MBD4 (RNA-Seq)

2014-01-02 | E-GEOD-52687 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Mapping hnRNP H binding sites on RON wildtype minigene and RON mutant minigenes via iCLIP.

Project description:We developed a high-throughput mutagenesis screen to comprehensively identify the cis-regulatory elements that control a target splicing event from the MST1R gene that codes for the RON receptor tyrosine kinase. Skipping of alternative exon 11 results in a constitutively active isoform that promotes epithelial to mesenchymal transition and thereby contributes to the invasive phenotype of tumors. We identified the RNA binding protein hnRNP H as an important regulator of RON exon 11 splicing. To map hnRNP H binding sites on the RON minigene with either wildtype or hnRNP H binding site mutant background, we performed hnRNP H iCLIP with RON wildtype or mutant minigene transfected HEK293T cells. iCLIP was performed according to a previously published protocol (PMID: 26463384). The iCLIP libraries were made from two (G331C and G348C) or three replicates (wildtype and G305A) of HEK293T cells at 24 h after RON minigene transfection. The cells were irradiated with 150 mJ/cm2 UV light at 254 nm. For the immunoprecipitation step, we used 7.5 µg of a polyclonal rabbit anti-HNRNPH antibody from Abcam (AB10374). RNase digestion was performed by adding 10 µl of 1/100 diluted RNase I (Ambion) to each sample. We performed the sequencing on an Illumina MiSeq or NextSeq500 with 75-nt single-end reads.

2018-06-27 | E-MTAB-6221 | biostudies-arrayexpress

The RON receptor tyrosine kinase promotes metastasis by triggering epigenetic reprogramming through the thymine glycosylase MBD4 (gene expression array)

Project description:Metastasis is the major cause of death in cancer patients, yet the genetic/epigenetic programs that drive metastasis are poorly understood. Here, we report a novel epigenetic reprogramming pathway that is required for breast cancer metastasis. Concerted differential DNA methylation is initiated by activation of the RON receptor tyrosine kinase by its ligand, macrophage stimulating protein (MSP). Through PI3K signaling, RON/MSP promotes expression of the G:T mismatch-specific thymine glycosylase MBD4. RON/MSP and MBD4-dependent aberrant DNA methylation results in misregulation of a specific set of genes. Knockdown of MBD4 reverses methylation at these specific loci, and blocks metastasis. We also show that the MBD4 glycosylase catalytic residue is required for RON/MSP-driven metastasis. Analysis of human breast cancers revealed that this epigenetic program is significantly associated with poor clinical outcome. Furthermore, inhibition of Ron kinase activity with a new pharmacological agent blocks metastasis of patient-derived breast tumor grafts in vivo. To determine the molecular mechanisms by which RON/MSP drives breast cancer metastasis, we performed microarray gene expression profiling of MCF7, MCF7-RON/MSP and MCF7-RON/MSP-shMBD4 cells.

2014-01-02 | E-GEOD-52567 | biostudies-arrayexpress

The RON receptor tyrosine kinase promotes metastasis by triggering epigenetic reprogramming through the thymine glycosylase MBD4 (gene expression array)

Project description:Metastasis is the major cause of death in cancer patients, yet the genetic/epigenetic programs that drive metastasis are poorly understood. Here, we report a novel epigenetic reprogramming pathway that is required for breast cancer metastasis. Concerted differential DNA methylation is initiated by activation of the RON receptor tyrosine kinase by its ligand, macrophage stimulating protein (MSP). Through PI3K signaling, RON/MSP promotes expression of the G:T mismatch-specific thymine glycosylase MBD4. RON/MSP and MBD4-dependent aberrant DNA methylation results in misregulation of a specific set of genes. Knockdown of MBD4 reverses methylation at these specific loci, and blocks metastasis. We also show that the MBD4 glycosylase catalytic residue is required for RON/MSP-driven metastasis. Analysis of human breast cancers revealed that this epigenetic program is significantly associated with poor clinical outcome. Furthermore, inhibition of Ron kinase activity with a new pharmacological agent blocks metastasis of patient-derived breast tumor grafts in vivo.

2014-01-02 | GSE52567 | GEO

Functional Comparison of the HGF/Met and MSP/Ron Systems in a Pancreatic Cancer Model

Project description:Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive disease with a poor prognosis for which current standard chemotherapeutic treatment options offer little survival benefit. In recent years, receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK)s have garnered interest as therapeutic targets to augment or replace standard chemotherapeutic therapies because of their high expression levels in various cancers and their ability to promote cell growth, migration, and survival. Met and Ron, which are homologous RTKs activated by the ligands hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and macrophage stimulating protein (MSP), respectively, are over-activated in many of the least treatable cancers. In pancreatic adenocarcinoma, Met expression is linked to poor patient survival and Ron expression is generally higher in tumor samples relative to normal tissue, although its prognostic significance in pancreatic cancer remains unclear. Despite the structural homology between Met and Ron, studies that have directly compared the functional outcomes of these systems in any context are limited. To address this, we sought to determine if the HGF/Met and MSP/Ron systems produce overlapping or divergent contributions towards a malignant phenotype by performing a characterization of MSP and HGF driven signaling, behavioral, and transcriptomic responses in pancreatic cancer cells in vitro. We found HGF and MSP both encouraged cell migration and activated the MAPK/Erk pathway both at the transcript and protein level. HGF uniquely increased proliferation in addition to regulating a wider variety of transcripts compared to MSP. Although HGF and MSP produced a differing breadth of responses, overlapping pro-cancer signaling, behavioral, and transcriptional effects suggest dual inhibition of the MSP/Ron and HGF/Met systems in pancreatic cancer may provide a more complete anti-cancer effect compared to individually targeting either system.

2019-06-14 | GSE129075 | GEO

Mapping hnRNP H binding sites on the RON wildtype minigene via iCLIP.

Project description:We developed a high-throughput mutagenesis screen to comprehensively identify the cis-regulatory elements that control a target splicing event from the MST1R gene that codes for the RON receptor tyrosine kinase. Skipping of alternative exon 11 results in a constitutively active isoform that promotes epithelial to mesenchymal transition and thereby contributes to the invasive phenotype of tumors. We identified the RNA binding protein hnRNP H as an important regulator of RON exon 11 splicing. To map hnRNP H binding sites on the RON minigene, we performed hnRNP H iCLIP with RON wildtype minigene transfected HEK293T cells. iCLIP was performed according to a previously published protocol (PMID: 26463384). The iCLIP libraries were made from two replicates of HEK293T cells at 24 h after RON minigene transfection. The cells were irradiated with 150 mJ/cm2 UV light at 254 nm. For the immunoprecipitation step, we used 7.5 µg of a polyclonal rabbit anti-HNRNPH antibody from Abcam (AB10374). RNase digestion was performed by adding 10 µl of 1/100 diluted RNase I (Ambion) to each sample. We performed the sequencing on an Illumina HiSeq2000 (75-nt single-end reads).

2018-06-27 | E-MTAB-6220 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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