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Interbacterial signaling via Burkholderia contact-dependent growth inhibition proteins

ABSTRACT: In prokaryotes and eukaryotes, cell-cell communication and recognition of self are critical to coordinate multicellular functions. While kin and kind discrimination are increasingly appreciated to shape naturally occurring microbe populations, the underlying mechanisms that govern these interbacterial interactions are insufficiently understood. Here we identify a mechanism of interbacterial signal transduction that is mediated by contact-dependent growth inhibition (CDI) system proteins. CDI systems have been characterized by their ability to deliver a polymorphic protein toxin into the cytoplasm of a neighboring bacterium, resulting in growth inhibition or death unless the recipient bacterium produces a corresponding immunity protein. Using the model organism Burkholderia thailandensis, we show that delivery of a catalytically active CDI system toxin to immune (self) bacteria results in gene expression and phenotypic changes within the recipient cells. Termed contact-dependent signaling (CDS), this response promotes biofilm formation and other community-associated behaviors.

ORGANISM(S): Burkholderia thailandensis

PROVIDER: GSE83143 | GEO | 2016/08/09

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA325122

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:A major risk factor for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is the perturbation of the gut microbiota by antibiotic administration, and antibiotic therapy, the standard treatment option for CDI, exacerbates the imbalance of the gut microbiota, leading to a very high recurrent CDI (rCDI) incidence rate. Therefore, CDI treatment based on live biotherapeutic products (LBPs) has recently emerged for long-term CDI management and preventive treatment However, there is limited research and understanding of how these LBPs improve CDI symptoms, which raises the need to elucidate the therapeutic mechanisms of LBPs. To fill this knowledge gap, here, we holistically analyzed and investigated the mechanisms involved in the inhibitory effect of probiotics on C. difficile at the molecular level through a multiomics approach on screened strain from probiotics that inhibit C. difficile growth. First, Bifidobacterium species were co-cultured with C. difficile, and B. longum was screened based on its ability to inhibit the growth of C. difficile. Then, the antimicrobial activity of B. longum against C. difficile was confirmed by spot-on-lawn assay and organic acid quantification. Next, we performed proteomic and metabolomic analysis on C. difficile co-cultured with B. longum, and observed physiological changes associated with the inhibition of C. difficile growth and toxin production. It was found that lactate produced by B. longum up-regulated the lactate dehydrogenase complex of C. difficile, leading to a decrease in intracellular ATP synthesis and a subsequent decrease in (deoxy)ribonucleoside triphosphate synthesis. Furthermore, proteinaceous stress induced by B. longum was also identified through the up-regulation of ribosomal proteins, molecular chaperones, and chaperonins, and the down-regulation of translation-related proteins. Finally, we found that B. longum suppressed butyrate metabolism and toxin production by producing and replenishing proline consumed by C. difficile. Therefore, this study will not only expand our understanding of the mechanisms of probiotics' inhibition of C. difficile, but also contribute to the development of LBPs based on molecular mechanisms for treating CDI.

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Interbacterial signaling via Burkholderia contact-dependent growth inhibition proteins

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