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Evaluation of the immunogenicity of live-attenuated influenza vaccines in nasal epithelial cells in primary differentiated human nasal epithelial cells [Microarray Expression]

ABSTRACT: The host innate immune response to influenza virus is a key determinant of pathogenic outcomes and long-term protective responses against subsequent exposures. Comparison of the transcriptional profiles obtained 24 and 36 hrs post-infection showed that the magnitude of gene expression was greater in LAIV infected cells relative to that observed in WT infected cells. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the antiviral and inflammatory responses was largely driven by type III IFN induction in both WT and LAIV infected cells. However, the enrichment of biological pathways involved in the recruitment of mononuclear leukocytes, antigen presenting cells, and T lymphocytes was uniquely observed in LAIV infected cells. These findings indicate that cell-intrinsic type III IFN-mediated innate immune responses in the nasal epithelium are not only crucial for viral clearance and attenuation, but may also play an important role in the immunogenicity of live-attenuated vaccines

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE83215 | GEO | 2018/02/13

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Streptococcus pyogenes is a major causative agent of tonsillitis or pharyngitis in children, which can lead to more invasive infections and noninfectious sequellae. S. pyogenes can persist in tonsils, while one-third of children treated with antibiotics continue to shed streptococci and have recurrent infections. Mouse nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) is functionally analogous to human oropharangeal lymphoid tissues. The innate immune responses of naïve cells from a mucosal site to S. pyogenes is not well described; therefore, we infected C57BL/6 mice intranasally with 108 CFU S. pyogenes. Transcriptional responses by NALT after S. pyogenes infection were analyzed by Affymetrix microarray and quantitative RT-PCR. Wild-type S. pyogenes induces transcription of both type I and IFN-gamma-responsive genes, pro-inflammatory genes, and acute phase response plasma proteins within 24h after infection. Invasion of NALT and the induction of the interferon response were not dependent on expression of anti-phagocytic M1 protein. However, infection with an attenuated, less invasive mutant indicated that a robust innate response by NALT is significantly influenced by intra-NALT bacterial load. Granulocytic populations of NALT, cervical lymph nodes and spleen were discriminated by characteristic surface and intracellular markers. Intranasal infection induces systemic release of neutrophils and a substantial influx of neutrophils into NALT at 24h, which decline by 48h after infection. Macrophages do not significantly increase in S. pyogenes-infected NALT. Intranasal infection of IFN-gamma -/- (GKO) C57BL/6 mice did not lead to systemic dissemination of wild type S. pyogenes, despite reduced expression of IFN-gamma-responsive mRNAs in NALT. Infected GKO mice had an unregulated influx of neutrophils into NALT compared to immunocompetant mice and mice treated with an anti-IFN-gamma antibody more rapidly cleared S. pyogenes from NALT. Thus, IFN-gamma-induced responses have a suppressive influence on early clearance of this pathogen from NALT. Keywords: disease state analysis

Project description:Streptococcus pyogenes is a major causative agent of tonsillitis or pharyngitis in children, which can lead to more invasive infections and noninfectious sequellae. S. pyogenes can persist in tonsils, while one-third of children treated with antibiotics continue to shed streptococci and have recurrent infections. Mouse nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) is functionally analogous to human oropharangeal lymphoid tissues. The innate immune responses of naÃ¯ve cells from a mucosal site to S. pyogenes is not well described; therefore, we infected C57BL/6 mice intranasally with 108 CFU S. pyogenes. Transcriptional responses by NALT after S. pyogenes infection were analyzed by Affymetrix microarray and quantitative RT-PCR. Wild-type S. pyogenes induces transcription of both type I and IFN-gamma-responsive genes, pro-inflammatory genes, and acute phase response plasma proteins within 24h after infection. Invasion of NALT and the induction of the interferon response were not dependent on expression of anti-phagocytic M1 protein. However, infection with an attenuated, less invasive mutant indicated that a robust innate response by NALT is significantly influenced by intra-NALT bacterial load. Granulocytic populations of NALT, cervical lymph nodes and spleen were discriminated by characteristic surface and intracellular markers. Intranasal infection induces systemic release of neutrophils and a substantial influx of neutrophils into NALT at 24h, which decline by 48h after infection. Macrophages do not significantly increase in S. pyogenes-infected NALT. Intranasal infection of IFN-gamma -/- (GKO) C57BL/6 mice did not lead to systemic dissemination of wild type S. pyogenes, despite reduced expression of IFN-gamma-responsive mRNAs in NALT. Infected GKO mice had an unregulated influx of neutrophils into NALT compared to immunocompetant mice and mice treated with an anti-IFN-gamma antibody more rapidly cleared S. pyogenes from NALT. Thus, IFN-gamma-induced responses have a suppressive influence on early clearance of this pathogen from NALT. Experiment Overall Design: C57BL/6 mice (6-10 weeks old), 4 per group, were infected intranasally with log-phase Streptococcus pyogenes, 2 to 4 x 10^8 CFU per 15 Âµl of pyrogen-free PBS. Sham-infected mice were administered 15 Âµl of the same PBS. Mice were infected with wild type strain 90-226 (Cue 1998), a 90-226 strain containing an in-frame deletion of M1 protein (90-226 delta emm1) (Zimmerlein 2005) or an attenuated 90-226 which lacks both M1 and SCPA proteins (90-226att). NALT was collected from mice at 24h after infection and stored in RNAlater until RNA could be purified).

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Evaluation of the immunogenicity of live-attenuated influenza vaccines in nasal epithelial cells in primary differentiated human nasal epithelial cells [Microarray Expression]

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